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# '''Anderson案例'''：如果病人服用了砒霜，他会长出蓝斑（If the patient had taken arsenic, he would have blue spots）。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anderson |first1=Alan |date=1951 |title=A Note on Subjunctive and Counterfactual Conditionals |journal=Analysis |volume=12 |issue = 2|pages=35–38|doi=10.1093/analys/12.2.35 }}</ref>
# '''Anderson案例'''：如果病人服用了砒霜，他会长出蓝斑（If the patient had taken arsenic, he would have blue spots）。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anderson |first1=Alan |date=1951 |title=A Note on Subjunctive and Counterfactual Conditionals |journal=Analysis |volume=12 |issue = 2|pages=35–38|doi=10.1093/analys/12.2.35 }}</ref>
这种条件句也被广泛地称为''虚拟条件句（subjunctive conditionals）''，尽管这个术语同样被使用者认为是用词不当<ref>See for instance [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e68d/612d7a93c98956e7314e0d131d90244c31f2.pdf Ippolito (2002)]: "Because ''subjunctive'' and ''indicative'' are the terms used in the philosophical literature on conditionals and because we will refer to that literature in the course of this paper, I have decided to keep these terms in the present discussion... however, it would be wrong to believe that mood choice is a necessary component of the semantic contrast between indicative and subjunctive conditionals." Also, [http://web.mit.edu/fintel/fintel-2011-hsk-conditionals.pdf von Fintel (2011)] "The terminology is of course linguistically inept ([since] the morphological marking is one of tense and aspect, not of indicative vs. subjunctive mood), but it is so deeply entrenched that it would be foolish not to use it."</ref>。许多语言都没有虚拟语气（如丹麦语和荷兰语)，许多有从句的语言也不把它用于这种条件句（如法语、斯瓦希里语、所有有从句的印度-雅利安语）。此外，只有将虚拟语气用于此类条件的语言才具有特定的过去虚拟语气形式。因此，虚拟标记既不是必要的，也不是充分的。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Iatridou |first1=Sabine |date=2000 |title=The grammatical ingredients of counterfactuality |journal= Linguistic Inquiry |volume=31 |issue = 2|pages=231–270|doi=10.1162/002438900554352 |s2cid=57570935 |url=http://lingphil.mit.edu/papers/iatridou/counterfactuality.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Kaufmann |first1= Stefan |s2cid= 60598513 |date=2005 |title=Conditional predictions |journal= Linguistics and Philosophy |volume=28 |issue = 2|doi= 10.1007/s10988-005-3731-9 |at=183-184}}</ref><ref name="Conditionals"/>
这种条件句也被广泛地称为''虚拟条件句（subjunctive conditionals）''，尽管这个术语同样被使用者认为是用词不当<ref>See for instance [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e68d/612d7a93c98956e7314e0d131d90244c31f2.pdf Ippolito (2002)]: "Because ''subjunctive'' and ''indicative'' are the terms used in the philosophical literature on conditionals and because we will refer to that literature in the course of this paper, I have decided to keep these terms in the present discussion... however, it would be wrong to believe that mood choice is a necessary component of the semantic contrast between indicative and subjunctive conditionals." Also, [http://web.mit.edu/fintel/fintel-2011-hsk-conditionals.pdf von Fintel (2011)] "The terminology is of course linguistically inept ([since] the morphological marking is one of tense and aspect, not of indicative vs. subjunctive mood), but it is so deeply entrenched that it would be foolish not to use it."</ref>。许多语言都没有虚拟语气（如丹麦语和荷兰语)，许多有从句的语言也不把它用于这种条件句（如法语、斯瓦希里语、所有有从句的印度-雅利安语）。此外，只有将虚拟语气用于此类条件的语言才具有特定的过去虚拟语气形式。因此，虚拟标记既不是必要的，也不是充分的。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Iatridou |first1=Sabine |date=2000 |title=The grammatical ingredients of counterfactuality |journal= Linguistic Inquiry |volume=31 |issue = 2|pages=231–270|doi=10.1162/002438900554352 |url=http://lingphil.mit.edu/papers/iatridou/counterfactuality.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Kaufmann |first1= Stefan |date=2005 |title=Conditional predictions |journal= Linguistics and Philosophy |volume=28 |issue = 2|doi= 10.1007/s10988-005-3731-9 |at=183-184}}</ref><ref name="Conditionals"/>
''反事实（counterfactual）'' and ''从句（subjunctive）''这两个术语有时被重新用于更具体的用途。例如，不管其语法结构如何，"反事实"这个术语有时被用于表达与事实相反的意思的条件语<ref name = "lewis73" >{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=David |date=1973 |title= Counterfactuals |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn= 9780631224952}}</ref><ref name = "vonfintel98" />。按照类似的思路，不管其表达的意思如何，"从句"这个术语有时被用于指带有虚拟过去或非现实标记的条件语。<ref name = "lewis73" >{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=David |date=1973 |title= Counterfactuals |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn= 9780631224952}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khoo |first1=Justin |date=2015 |title=On Indicative and Subjunctive Conditionals |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/on-indicative-and-subjunctive-conditionals.pdf?c=phimp;idno=3521354.0015.032;format=pdf |journal=Philosophers' Imprint |volume=15 |issue=32}}</ref>
''反事实（counterfactual）'' and ''从句（subjunctive）''这两个术语有时被重新用于更具体的用途。例如，不管其语法结构如何，"反事实"这个术语有时被用于表达与事实相反的意思的条件语<ref name = "lewis73" >{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=David |date=1973 |title= Counterfactuals |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn= 9780631224952}}</ref><ref name = "vonfintel98" />。按照类似的思路，不管其表达的意思如何，"从句"这个术语有时被用于指带有虚拟过去或非现实标记的条件语。<ref name = "lewis73" >{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=David |date=1973 |title= Counterfactuals |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn= 9780631224952}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khoo |first1=Justin |date=2015 |title=On Indicative and Subjunctive Conditionals |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/on-indicative-and-subjunctive-conditionals.pdf?c=phimp;idno=3521354.0015.032;format=pdf |journal=Philosophers' Imprint |volume=15 |issue=32}}</ref>