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伯努瓦<ref group="n" name="Mandelbrot's_name" /> 曼德布洛特<ref>Recording of the ceremony on 11 September 2006 at which Mandelbrot received the insignia for an Officer of the ''[[Legion of Honour|Légion d'honneur]]''.</ref>|group=n}}（1924年11月20日至2010年10月14日）是波兰裔法国裔美国数学家和博学家，对实用科学有着广泛的研究。<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.insidescience.org/news/remembering-father-fractals |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108174954/https://www.insidescience.org/news/remembering-father-fractals |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://www.ted.com/talks/benoit_mandelbrot_fractals_the_art_of_roughness?language=en Benoit Mandelbrot: Fractals and the art of roughness] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414183649/https://www.ted.com/talks/benoit_mandelbrot_fractals_the_art_of_roughness?language=en |date=14 April 2016 }}. ted.com (February 2010)</ref><ref>[[#Hudson|Hudson & Mandelbrot]], Prelude, page xviii</ref>他热衷于研究物理现象的“粗糙艺术”和“生活中不受控制的元素”，并且将自己称为“分形主义者”，因其对分形几何学领域的贡献而受到认可，其中包括创造了“'''<font color="#ff8000"> 分形 Fractal</font>'''”一词，<ref name=Mandelbrot/>并发展了自然界中的“'''<font color="#ff8000"> 粗糙度Roughness</font>'''和'''<font color="#ff8000"> 自相似性Self-similarity </font>'''”理论。<ref name=nature>{{Cite journal| last1 = Gomory | first1 = R.| author-link1 = Ralph E. Gomory| title = Benoît Mandelbrot (1924–2010)| doi = 10.1038/468378a| journal = Nature| volume = 468| issue = 7322| pages = 378| year = 2010| pmid =  21085164|bibcode = 2010Natur.468..378G}}</ref>

'''Benoit B.'''<ref group="n" name="Mandelbrot's_name" /> '''Mandelbrot'''{{#tag:ref|Pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|æ|n|d|əl|b|r|ɒ|t}} {{respell|MAN|dəl-brot}} in English.<ref>{{OED|Mandelbrot}}</ref> When speaking in French, Mandelbrot pronounced his name {{IPA-fr|bənwa mɑ̃dɛlbʁot|}}.<ref>Recording of the ceremony on 11 September 2006 at which Mandelbrot received the insignia for an Officer of the ''[[Legion of Honour|Légion d'honneur]]''.</ref>|group=n}} (20 November 1924&nbsp;– 14 October 2010) was a Polish-born French-American [[mathematician]] and [[polymath]] with broad interests in the practical sciences, especially regarding what he labeled as "the art of [[Benoit Mandelbrot#Fractals and the "theory of roughness"|roughness]]" of physical phenomena and "the uncontrolled element in life".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.insidescience.org/news/remembering-father-fractals |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108174954/https://www.insidescience.org/news/remembering-father-fractals |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://www.ted.com/talks/benoit_mandelbrot_fractals_the_art_of_roughness?language=en Benoit Mandelbrot: Fractals and the art of roughness] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414183649/https://www.ted.com/talks/benoit_mandelbrot_fractals_the_art_of_roughness?language=en |date=14 April 2016 }}. ted.com (February 2010)</ref><ref>[[#Hudson|Hudson & Mandelbrot]], Prelude, page xviii</ref> He referred to himself as a "fractalist"<ref name=Mandelbrot/> and is recognized for his contribution to the field of [[fractal geometry]], which included coining the word "fractal", as well as developing a theory of "roughness and [[self-similarity]]" in nature.<ref name=nature>{{Cite journal

| last1 = Gomory | first1 = R.

| author-link1 = Ralph E. Gomory

| title = Benoît Mandelbrot (1924–2010)

| doi = 10.1038/468378a

| journal = Nature

| volume = 468

| issue = 7322

| pages = 378

| year = 2010

| pmid =  21085164

|bibcode = 2010Natur.468..378G | s2cid = 4393964

}}</ref>

 

1936年，当曼德布罗特还是个孩子时，一家人从波兰华沙移民到了法国。第二次世界大战结束后，曼德布洛特学习了数学，从巴黎和美国的大学毕业，并获得了加州理工学院的航空硕士学位。他的职业生涯大部分时间都是在美国和法国度过，拥有法国和美国双重国籍。1958年，他在IBM开始了35年的职业生涯，并在那里成为了IBM院士，定期请假到哈佛大学任教。在哈佛大学发表关于棉花期货的美国商品市场研究之后，他开始教授经济学和应用科学。

1936年，当曼德布罗特还是个孩子时，一家人从波兰华沙移民到了法国。第二次世界大战结束后，曼德布洛特学习了数学，从巴黎和美国的大学毕业，并获得了加州理工学院的航空硕士学位。他的职业生涯大部分时间都是在美国和法国度过，拥有法国和美国双重国籍。1958年，他在IBM开始了35年的职业生涯，并在那里成为了IBM院士，定期请假到哈佛大学任教。在哈佛大学发表关于棉花期货的美国商品市场研究之后，他开始教授经济学和应用科学。