更改

</blockquote>

</blockquote>

这些喷口形成于海底富氢液体渗出的地方，是超镁铁质橄榄石与海水发生蛇纹石化以及与富含二氧化碳的海水的pH值界面的结果。这些喷口形成了一个来自氧化还原反应的持续化学能源，其中电子供体（分子氢）与电子受体（二氧化碳）发生反应；见[[铁-硫世界理论]]。这些都是高度放热的反应。<ref name=":1" />{{efn|The reactions are:<br />

这些喷口形成于海底富氢液体渗出的地方，是超镁铁质橄榄石与海水发生蛇纹石化以及与富含二氧化碳的海水的pH值界面的结果。这些喷口形成了一个来自氧化还原反应的持续化学能源，其中电子供体（分子氢）与电子受体（二氧化碳）发生反应；见[[铁-硫世界理论]]。这些都是高度放热的反应。<ref name=":1" /><br />

Martin在2016年报告的上述研究支持这样的论点，<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Baross | first1 = J.A. | last2 = Hoffman | first2 = S.E. | year = 1985 | title = Submarine hydrothermal vents and associated gradient environments as sites for the origin and evolution of life | journal = Origins LifeEvol. B | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 327–345 | doi=10.1007/bf01808177| bibcode = 1985OrLi...15..327B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Russell | first1 = M.J. | last2 = Hall | first2 = A.J. | year = 1997 | title = The emergence of life from iron monosulphide bubbles at a submarine hydrothermal redox and pH front | journal = Journal of the Geological Society| volume = 154 | issue = 3 | pages = 377–402 | doi=10.1144/gsjgs.154.3.0377| pmid = 11541234 | bibcode = 1997JGSoc.154..377R}}</ref>即生命产生于热液喷口,地壳中由岩石-水相互作用驱动的非平衡热力学自发化学作用是生命起源的基础，<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Amend | first1 = J.P. | last2 = LaRowe | first2 = D.E. | last3 = McCollom | first3 = T.M. | last4 = Shock | first4 = E.L. | year = 2013 | title = The energetics of organic synthesis inside and outside the cell | journal = Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B | volume = 368 | issue = 1622 | page = 20120255 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2012.0255| pmid = 23754809 | pmc = 3685458 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Shock | first1 = E.L. | last2 = Boyd | first2 = E.S. | year = 2015 | title = Geomicrobiology and microbial geochemistry:principles of geobiochemistry | journal = Elements | volume = 11 | pages = 389–394 | doi = 10.2113/gselements.11.6.395 }}</ref>古细菌和细菌的创始系是依赖H2的自养生物，它们在能量代谢中使用CO2作为终端接受体。<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Martin | first1 = W. | last2 = Russell | first2 = M.J. | year = 2007 | title = On the origin of biochemistry at an alkaline hydrothermal vent | journal = Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B | volume = 362 | issue = 1486 | pages = 1887–1925 | doi = 10.1098/rstb.2006.1881 | pmid = 17255002 | pmc = 2442388 }}</ref>Martin根据这些证据提出，LUCA "可能严重依赖喷口的地热能而生存"。<ref>Nature, Vol 535, 28 July 2016. p.468</ref>

Martin在2016年报告的上述研究支持这样的论点，<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Baross | first1 = J.A. | last2 = Hoffman | first2 = S.E. | year = 1985 | title = Submarine hydrothermal vents and associated gradient environments as sites for the origin and evolution of life | journal = Origins LifeEvol. B | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 327–345 | doi=10.1007/bf01808177| bibcode = 1985OrLi...15..327B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Russell | first1 = M.J. | last2 = Hall | first2 = A.J. | year = 1997 | title = The emergence of life from iron monosulphide bubbles at a submarine hydrothermal redox and pH front | journal = Journal of the Geological Society| volume = 154 | issue = 3 | pages = 377–402 | doi=10.1144/gsjgs.154.3.0377| pmid = 11541234 | bibcode = 1997JGSoc.154..377R}}</ref>即生命产生于热液喷口,地壳中由岩石-水相互作用驱动的非平衡热力学自发化学作用是生命起源的基础，<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Amend | first1 = J.P. | last2 = LaRowe | first2 = D.E. | last3 = McCollom | first3 = T.M. | last4 = Shock | first4 = E.L. | year = 2013 | title = The energetics of organic synthesis inside and outside the cell | journal = Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B | volume = 368 | issue = 1622 | page = 20120255 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2012.0255| pmid = 23754809 | pmc = 3685458 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Shock | first1 = E.L. | last2 = Boyd | first2 = E.S. | year = 2015 | title = Geomicrobiology and microbial geochemistry:principles of geobiochemistry | journal = Elements | volume = 11 | pages = 389–394 | doi = 10.2113/gselements.11.6.395 }}</ref>古细菌和细菌的创始系是依赖H2的自养生物，它们在能量代谢中使用CO2作为终端接受体。<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Martin | first1 = W. | last2 = Russell | first2 = M.J. | year = 2007 | title = On the origin of biochemistry at an alkaline hydrothermal vent | journal = Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B | volume = 362 | issue = 1486 | pages = 1887–1925 | doi = 10.1098/rstb.2006.1881 | pmid = 17255002 | pmc = 2442388 }}</ref>Martin根据这些证据提出，LUCA "可能严重依赖喷口的地热能而生存"。<ref>Nature, Vol 535, 28 July 2016. p.468</ref>

=== 火山岛或原大陆上的波动性热液池 ===

=== 火山岛或原大陆上的波动性热液池 ===