更改

The Rubin causal model (RCM), also known as the Neyman–Rubin causal model,[1] is an approach to the statistical analysis of cause and effect based on the framework of potential outcomes, named after Donald Rubin. The name "Rubin causal model" was first coined by Paul W. Holland.[2] The potential outcomes framework was first proposed by Jerzy Neyman in his 1923 Master's thesis,[3] though he discussed it only in the context of completely randomized experiments.[4] Rubin extended it into a general framework for thinking about causation in both observational and experimental studies.[1]

The Rubin causal model (RCM), also known as the Neyman–Rubin causal model,[1] is an approach to the statistical analysis of cause and effect based on the framework of potential outcomes, named after Donald Rubin. The name "Rubin causal model" was first coined by Paul W. Holland.[2] The potential outcomes framework was first proposed by Jerzy Neyman in his 1923 Master's thesis,[3] though he discussed it only in the context of completely randomized experiments.[4] Rubin extended it into a general framework for thinking about causation in both observational and experimental studies.[1]

鲁宾因果模型 (RCM)，也称为 Neyman-Rubin 因果模型，<ref name="sekhon">{{cite book |last=Sekhon |first=Jasjeet |chapter=The Neyman–Rubin Model of Causal Inference and Estimation via Matching Methods |title=The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology |year=2007 |chapter-url=http://sekhon.berkeley.edu/papers/SekhonOxfordHandbook.pdf }}</ref>是一种基于潜在结果框架的因果统计分析方法，以Donald Rubin的名字命名。“鲁宾因果模型”这个名字最早是由 Paul W. Holland 创造的。 <ref name="holland:causal86">{{cite journal |last=Holland |first=Paul W. |title=Statistics and Causal Inference |journal=[[Journal of the American Statistical Association|J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.]] |volume=81 |issue=396 |year=1986 |pages=945–960 |jstor=2289064 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1986.10478354}}</ref>潜在结果框架最初是由 Jerzy Neyman 在他 1923 年的硕士论文中提出的，<ref name="neyman:masters">Neyman, Jerzy. ''Sur les applications de la theorie des probabilites aux experiences agricoles: Essai des principes.'' Master's Thesis (1923).  Excerpts reprinted in English, Statistical Science, Vol. 5, pp.&nbsp;463–472. ([[Dorota Dabrowska|D. M. Dabrowska]], and T. P. Speed, Translators.)</ref>尽管他只在完全随机实验的背景下讨论了它。 <ref name="Jasa1">{{cite journal |last=Rubin |first=Donald |year=2005 |title=Causal Inference Using Potential Outcomes |journal=[[Journal of the American Statistical Association|J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.]] |volume=100 |issue=469 |pages=322–331 |doi=10.1198/016214504000001880 }}</ref>鲁宾将其扩展为在观察性和实验性研究中思考因果关系的一般框架。<ref name="sekhon"/>

'''<font color="#ff8000"> 鲁宾因果模型 Rubin Causal Model (RCM)</font>''' ，也称为 Neyman-Rubin 因果模型，<ref name="sekhon">{{cite book |last=Sekhon |first=Jasjeet |chapter=The Neyman–Rubin Model of Causal Inference and Estimation via Matching Methods |title=The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology |year=2007 |chapter-url=http://sekhon.berkeley.edu/papers/SekhonOxfordHandbook.pdf }}</ref>是一种基于潜在结果框架的因果统计分析方法，以Donald Rubin的名字命名。“鲁宾因果模型”这个名字最早是由 Paul W. Holland 创造的。 <ref name="holland:causal86">{{cite journal |last=Holland |first=Paul W. |title=Statistics and Causal Inference |journal=[[Journal of the American Statistical Association|J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.]] |volume=81 |issue=396 |year=1986 |pages=945–960 |jstor=2289064 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1986.10478354}}</ref> '''<font color="#ff8000"> 潜在结果框架 Potential Outcomes Framework</font>'''最初是由 Jerzy Neyman 在他 1923 年的硕士论文中提出的，<ref name="neyman:masters">Neyman, Jerzy. ''Sur les applications de la theorie des probabilites aux experiences agricoles: Essai des principes.'' Master's Thesis (1923).  Excerpts reprinted in English, Statistical Science, Vol. 5, pp.&nbsp;463–472. ([[Dorota Dabrowska|D. M. Dabrowska]], and T. P. Speed, Translators.)</ref>尽管他只在完全随机实验的背景下讨论了它。 <ref name="Jasa1">{{cite journal |last=Rubin |first=Donald |year=2005 |title=Causal Inference Using Potential Outcomes |journal=[[Journal of the American Statistical Association|J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.]] |volume=100 |issue=469 |pages=322–331 |doi=10.1198/016214504000001880 }}</ref>鲁宾将其扩展为在观察性和实验性研究中思考因果关系的一般框架。<ref name="sekhon"/>

==介绍==

==介绍==