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| 姓名 || 伯努瓦 曼德布洛特<span style="font-size:80%;font-weight:normal"><!-- The following syntax required to permit nested refs: -->
| 姓名 || 伯努瓦 曼德布洛特<span style="font-size:80%;font-weight:normal"><!-- The following syntax required to permit nested refs: -->
{{#tag:ref|In his autobiography, Mandelbrot did not add a [[circumflex]] to the "i" (i.e. "î") in his first name, as is usual for [[Benoît|the French given name]]. He included "B" as a [[middle initial]]. His ''New York Times'' obituary stated that "he added the middle initial himself, though it does not stand for a middle name",<ref name="nyt_obit">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/us/17mandelbrot.html |title=Benoît Mandelbrot, Mathematician, Dies at 85 |last=Hoffman |first=Jascha |date=16 October 2010 |work=The New York Times |access-date=16 October 2010 |archive-date=18 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018200532/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/us/17mandelbrot.html |url-status=live }}</ref> an assertion that is supported by his obituary in ''The Guardian''.
{{#tag:ref|In his autobiography, Mandelbrot did not add a circumflex to the "i" (i.e. "î") in his first name, as is usual for the French given name. He included "B" as a middle initial. His ''New York Times'' obituary stated that "he added the middle initial himself, though it does not stand for a middle name",<ref name="nyt_obit">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/us/17mandelbrot.html |title=Benoît Mandelbrot, Mathematician, Dies at 85 |last=Hoffman |first=Jascha |date=16 October 2010 |work=The New York Times |access-date=16 October 2010 |archive-date=18 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018200532/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/us/17mandelbrot.html |url-status=live }}</ref> an assertion that is supported by his obituary in ''The Guardian''.
<ref name="guardian_obit">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/oct/17/benoit-mandelbrot-obituary |title=Benoît Mandelbrot obituary |last=Lesmoir-Gordon |first=Nigel |date=17 October 2010 |work=The Guardian |access-date=17 October 2010 |location=London |archive-date=17 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917122909/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/oct/17/benoit-mandelbrot-obituary |url-status=live }}</ref>|group=n|name=Mandelbrot's_name
<ref name="guardian_obit">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/oct/17/benoit-mandelbrot-obituary |title=Benoît Mandelbrot obituary |last=Lesmoir-Gordon |first=Nigel |date=17 October 2010 |work=The Guardian |access-date=17 October 2010 |location=London |archive-date=17 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917122909/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/oct/17/benoit-mandelbrot-obituary |url-status=live }}</ref>|group=n|name=Mandelbrot's_name
}}</span> Mandelbrot
}}</span> Mandelbrot
经过35年零12天的努力，曼德布洛特在1987年离开了IBM，当时IBM决定结束其部门的研究<ref name="wos44">{{cite web|url=http://www.webofstories.com/play/10483|last=Mandelbrot|first=Benoît|author2=Bernard Sapoval|author3=Daniel Zajdenweber|date=May 1998|publisher=[[Web of Stories]]|access-date=17 October 2010|archive-date=8 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908162215/http://www.webofstories.com/play/10483|url-status=live}}</ref>。随后他加入了耶鲁大学数学系，并于1999年以75岁的高龄获得了第一任终身职位.<ref name="Tenner">{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/10/benoit-mandelbrot-the-maverick-1924-2010/64684/|title=Benoît Mandelbrot the Maverick, 1924–2010|last=Tenner|first=Edward|date=16 October 2010|work=The Atlantic|access-date=16 October 2010|archive-date=18 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018132145/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/10/benoit-mandelbrot-the-maverick-1924-2010/64684/|url-status=live}}</ref>。在2005年退休之时，他成为了斯特林数学科学教授。
经过35年零12天的努力，曼德布洛特在1987年离开了IBM，当时IBM决定结束其部门的研究<ref name="wos44">{{cite web|url=http://www.webofstories.com/play/10483|last=Mandelbrot|first=Benoît|author2=Bernard Sapoval|author3=Daniel Zajdenweber|date=May 1998|publisher=Web of Stories|access-date=17 October 2010|archive-date=8 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908162215/http://www.webofstories.com/play/10483|url-status=live}}</ref>。随后他加入了耶鲁大学数学系，并于1999年以75岁的高龄获得了第一任终身职位.<ref name="Tenner">{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/10/benoit-mandelbrot-the-maverick-1924-2010/64684/|title=Benoît Mandelbrot the Maverick, 1924–2010|last=Tenner|first=Edward|date=16 October 2010|work=The Atlantic|access-date=16 October 2010|archive-date=18 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018132145/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/10/benoit-mandelbrot-the-maverick-1924-2010/64684/|url-status=live}}</ref>。在2005年退休之时，他成为了斯特林数学科学教授。
=== 分形与“粗糙度理论” ===
=== 分形与“粗糙度理论” ===