更改

经过35年零12天的努力，曼德布洛特在1987年离开了IBM，当时IBM决定结束其部门的研究<ref name="wos44">{{cite web|url=http://www.webofstories.com/play/10483|last=Mandelbrot|first=Benoît|author2=Bernard Sapoval|author3=Daniel Zajdenweber|date=May 1998|publisher=Web of Stories|access-date=17 October 2010|archive-date=8 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908162215/http://www.webofstories.com/play/10483|url-status=live}}</ref>。随后他加入了耶鲁大学数学系，并于1999年以75岁的高龄获得了第一任终身职位.<ref name="Tenner">{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/10/benoit-mandelbrot-the-maverick-1924-2010/64684/|title=Benoît Mandelbrot the Maverick, 1924–2010|last=Tenner|first=Edward|date=16 October 2010|work=The Atlantic|access-date=16 October 2010|archive-date=18 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018132145/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/10/benoit-mandelbrot-the-maverick-1924-2010/64684/|url-status=live}}</ref>。在2005年退休之时，他成为了斯特林数学科学教授。

经过35年零12天的努力，曼德布洛特在1987年离开了IBM，当时IBM决定结束其部门的研究<ref name="wos44">{{cite web|url=http://www.webofstories.com/play/10483|title=Web of Stories • Benoît Mandelbrot • IBM: background and policies|last=Mandelbrot|first=Benoît|author2=Bernard Sapoval|author3=Daniel Zajdenweber|date=May 1998|publisher=[[Web of Stories]]|access-date=17 October 2010|archive-date=8 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908162215/http://www.webofstories.com/play/10483|url-status=live}}</ref> 。随后他加入了耶鲁大学数学系，并于1999年以75岁的高龄获得了第一任终身职位.<ref name="Tenner">{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/10/benoit-mandelbrot-the-maverick-1924-2010/64684/|title=Benoît Mandelbrot the Maverick, 1924–2010|last=Tenner|first=Edward|date=16 October 2010|work=The Atlantic|access-date=16 October 2010|archive-date=18 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018132145/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/10/benoit-mandelbrot-the-maverick-1924-2010/64684/|url-status=live}}</ref>。在2005年退休之时，他成为了斯特林数学科学教授。

=== 分形与“粗糙度理论” ===

=== 分形与“粗糙度理论” ===