596
个编辑
更改
跳到导航
跳到搜索
第85行：
第85行： − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
无编辑摘要
| page = 300}}</ref>
| page = 300}}</ref>
'''路德维希·爱德华·玻尔兹曼''' '''Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann'''（1844年2月20日—1906年9月5日），奥地利物理学家、哲学家。他最伟大的功绩是发展了'''统计力学'''，并且从统计意义出发解释了'''热力学第二定律'''。1877年，他给出了目前'''熵'''的定义，即'''玻尔兹曼熵公式'''：<math>S = k_{\rm B} \ln \Omega \!</math>，将熵解释为系统统计无序性的度量。马克斯·普朗克命名{{math|''k''<sub>B</sub>}}为[[玻尔兹曼常数|'''玻尔兹曼常数 ''']]'''[[Boltzmann constant]]'''。
'''路德维希·爱德华·玻尔兹曼''' '''Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann'''（1844年2月20日—1906年9月5日），奥地利物理学家、哲学家。他最伟大的功绩是发展了'''统计力学'''，并且从统计意义出发解释了'''热力学第二定律'''。1877年，他给出了目前'''熵'''的定义，即'''玻尔兹曼熵公式'''：<math>S = k_{\rm B} \ln \Omega \!</math>，将熵解释为系统统计无序性的度量。<ref name="EncycloBritan">{{cite book
|last1= Klein
|first1= Martin
|year= 1970
|orig-year= 1768
|chapter= Boltzmann, Ludwig
|editor1-last= Preece
|editor1-first= Warren E.
|title= Encyclopædia Britannica
|type=hard cover
|language= English
|volume= 3
|edition= Commemorative Edition for Expo 70
|location= Chicago
|publisher= William Benton
|publication-date= 1970
|page= 893a
|isbn= 0852291353
}}
</ref> 马克斯·普朗克命名{{math|''k''<sub>B</sub>}}为[[玻尔兹曼常数|'''玻尔兹曼常数 ''']]'''Boltzmann constant'''。<ref>{{Citation
| last = Partington
| first = J.R.
| author-link = J.R. Partington
| title = An Advanced Treatise on Physical Chemistry
| volume = volume 1, ''Fundamental Principles'', ''The Properties of Gases''
| place = London
| publisher = [[Longman|Longmans, Green and Co.]]
| series =
| origyear =
| year = 1949
| page = 300}}</ref>
Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern [[physics]]. It describes how macroscopic observations (such as [[temperature]] and [[pressure]]) are related to microscopic parameters that fluctuate around an average. It connects thermodynamic quantities (such as [[heat capacity]]) to microscopic behavior, whereas, in [[classical thermodynamics]], the only available option would be to measure and tabulate such quantities for various materials.<ref name="gibbs">{{cite book |last=Gibbs |first=Josiah Willard |author-link=Josiah Willard Gibbs |title=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics |year=1902 |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |location=New York |title-link=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics }}</ref>
Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern [[physics]]. It describes how macroscopic observations (such as [[temperature]] and [[pressure]]) are related to microscopic parameters that fluctuate around an average. It connects thermodynamic quantities (such as [[heat capacity]]) to microscopic behavior, whereas, in [[classical thermodynamics]], the only available option would be to measure and tabulate such quantities for various materials.<ref name="gibbs">{{cite book |last=Gibbs |first=Josiah Willard |author-link=Josiah Willard Gibbs |title=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics |year=1902 |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |location=New York |title-link=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics }}</ref>