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第26行： − '''René Frédéric Thom''' ({{IPA-fr|ʁəne tɔm|lang}}; 2 September 1923 – 25 October 2002) was a French [[mathematician]]. He made his reputation as a [[topologist]], moving on to aspects of what would be called [[singularity theory]]; he became world-famous among the wider academic community and the educated general public for one aspect of this latter interest, his work as founder of [[catastrophe theory]] (later developed by [[Erik Christopher Zeeman]]). He received the [[Fields Medal]] in 1958.+ − − René Frédéric Thom (; 2 September 1923 – 25 October 2002) was a French mathematician. He made his reputation as a topologist, moving on to aspects of what would be called singularity theory; he became world-famous among the wider academic community and the educated general public for one aspect of this latter interest, his work as founder of catastrophe theory (later developed by Erik Christopher Zeeman). He received the Fields Medal in 1958. − − − + − René Thom was born in [[Montbéliard]], [[Doubs]]. He was educated at the [[Lycée Saint-Louis]] and the [[École Normale Supérieure]], both in Paris. He received his PhD in 1951 from the [[University of Paris]]. His thesis, titled ''Espaces fibrés en sphères et carrés de Steenrod'' (''Sphere bundles and Steenrod squares''), was written under the direction of [[Henri Cartan]]. The foundations of [[cobordism]] theory, for which he received the [[Fields Medal]] at the [[International Congress of Mathematicians]] in [[Edinburgh]] in 1958, were already present in his thesis. − − René Thom was born in Montbéliard, Doubs. He was educated at the Lycée Saint-Louis and the École Normale Supérieure, both in Paris. He received his PhD in 1951 from the University of Paris. His thesis, titled Espaces fibrés en sphères et carrés de Steenrod (Sphere bundles and Steenrod squares), was written under the direction of Henri Cartan. The foundations of cobordism theory, for which he received the Fields Medal at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Edinburgh in 1958, were already present in his thesis. − − 勒内·托姆出生于杜省的蒙贝利亚。他曾就读于巴黎的圣路易中学LycéeSaint-Louis和巴黎高等师范学校École Normale Supérieure，并于1951年在巴黎大学获得博士学位。在亨利·嘉当Henri Cartan的指导下，他完成了他的论文“ Espaces fibrés en sphères et carrés de Steenrod”（球形纤维丛和斯廷罗德平方）。1958年，勒内·托姆因他提出的配边理论基础，在爱丁堡国际数学家大会上获得菲尔兹奖。该理论其实曾在他早期的论文中提出过。 − − 第45行：
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{{#seo:
|keywords=奇点理论 Singularity theory，突变理论 Catastrophe theory，微分拓扑
|description=法国数学家。以拓扑学家著称，特别是在研究所谓的奇点理论 Singularity theory领域。
}}
{{short description|French mathematician}}
{{short description|French mathematician}}
'''勒内·托姆René Frédéric Thom'''（法语：[ʁənetɔm]；1923年9月2日至2002年10月25日）是法国数学家。他以拓扑学家著称，特别是在研究所谓的'''<font color="#ff8000"> 奇点理论Singularity theory</font>'''领域。在广大学术界以及教育程度高的大众眼中，他作为'''<font color="#ff8000"> 突变理论Catastrophe theory</font>'''的创始人而举世闻名，后来该理论由埃里克·克里斯托弗·塞曼Erik Christopher Zeeman深入研究。1958年，他获得了[[菲尔兹奖]]。
'''勒内·托姆René Frédéric Thom'''（法语：[ʁənetɔm]；1923年9月2日至2002年10月25日）是法国数学家。他以拓扑学家著称，特别是在研究所谓的'''<font color="#ff8000"> 奇点理论Singularity theory</font>'''领域。在广大学术界以及教育程度高的大众眼中，他作为'''<font color="#ff8000"> 突变理论Catastrophe theory</font>'''的创始人而举世闻名，后来该理论由埃里克·克里斯托弗·塞曼Erik Christopher Zeeman深入研究。1958年，他获得了菲尔兹奖。
== Biography 个人简介==
== Biography 个人简介==
勒内·托姆出生于杜省的蒙贝利亚。他曾就读于巴黎的圣路易中学 LycéeSaint-Louis和巴黎高等师范学校 École Normale Supérieure，并于1951年在巴黎大学获得博士学位。在[[亨利·嘉当]] Henri Cartan的指导下，他完成了他的论文“ Espaces fibrés en sphères et carrés de Steenrod”（球形纤维丛和斯廷罗德平方）。1958年，勒内·托姆因他提出的配边理论基础，在爱丁堡[[国际数学家大会]]上获得菲尔兹奖。该理论其实曾在他早期的论文中提出过。
After a fellowship in the [[United States]], he went on to teach at the Universities of [[Université Joseph Fourier|Grenoble]] (1953–1954) and [[University of Strasbourg|Strasbourg]] (1954–1963), where he was appointed Professor in 1957. In 1964, he moved to the [[Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques]], in [[Bures-sur-Yvette]]. He was awarded the [[Brouwer Medal]] in 1970, the [[Grand Prix Scientifique de la Ville de Paris]] in 1974, and became a Member of the [[Académie des Sciences]] of Paris in 1976.
After a fellowship in the [[United States]], he went on to teach at the Universities of [[Université Joseph Fourier|Grenoble]] (1953–1954) and [[University of Strasbourg|Strasbourg]] (1954–1963), where he was appointed Professor in 1957. In 1964, he moved to the [[Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques]], in [[Bures-sur-Yvette]]. He was awarded the [[Brouwer Medal]] in 1970, the [[Grand Prix Scientifique de la Ville de Paris]] in 1974, and became a Member of the [[Académie des Sciences]] of Paris in 1976.
After a fellowship in the United States, he went on to teach at the Universities of Grenoble (1953–1954) and Strasbourg (1954–1963), where he was appointed Professor in 1957. In 1964, he moved to the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, in Bures-sur-Yvette. He was awarded the Brouwer Medal in 1970, the Grand Prix Scientifique de la Ville de Paris in 1974, and became a Member of the Académie des Sciences of Paris in 1976.
After a fellowship in the United States, he went on to teach at the Universities of Grenoble (1953–1954) and Strasbourg (1954–1963), where he was appointed Professor in 1957. In 1964, he moved to the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, in Bures-sur-Yvette. He was awarded the Brouwer Medal in 1970, the Grand Prix Scientifique de la Ville de Paris in 1974, and became a Member of the Académie des Sciences of Paris in 1976.
在美国获得奖学金后，他继续在格勒诺布尔大学（1953-1954）和斯特拉斯堡大学（1954-1963）任教，并于1957年被任命为教授。1964年，他转而进入伊维特河畔布尔斯Bures-sur-Yvette的高等科学研究院工作。后来于1970年获得了布劳维尔奖章，于1974年获得了巴黎科学奖，且于1976年成为巴黎科学院的成员。
在美国获得奖学金后，他继续在格勒诺布尔大学（1953-1954）和[[斯特拉斯堡大学]]（1954-1963）任教，并于1957年被任命为教授。1964年，他转而进入伊维特河畔布尔斯Bures-sur-Yvette的高等科学研究院工作。后来于1970年获得了布劳维尔奖章，于1974年获得了巴黎科学奖，且于1976年成为巴黎科学院的成员。
<small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:René Thom]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[托姆/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
<small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:René Thom]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[托姆/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
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