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在19世纪80年代，Charles Sanders Peirce和Joseph Jastrow在心理学<ref>{{cite journal| author=Charles Sanders Peirce and Joseph Jastrow|year=1885|title=On Small Differences in Sensation| journal=Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=3|pages=73–83|url=http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Peirce/small-diffs.htm}} http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Peirce/small-diffs.htm</ref>和教育学<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/354775|first=Ian|last=Hacking|mr=1013489}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/444032|author=Stephen M. Stigler|title=A Historical View of Statistical Concepts in Psychology and Educational Research| journal=American Journal of Education| volume=101|issue=1|date=November 1992|pages=60–70}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/383850|author=Trudy Dehue|title=Deception, Efficiency, and Random Groups: Psychology and the Gradual Origination of the Random Group Design|journal=Isis (journal)|volume=88|issue=4|date=December 1997|pages=653–673|pmid=9519574|url=https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/71855616/237831.pdf}}</ref>领域引入随机实验。

在19世纪80年代，Charles Sanders Peirce和Joseph Jastrow在心理学<ref>{{cite journal| author=Charles Sanders Peirce and Joseph Jastrow|year=1885|title=On Small Differences in Sensation| journal=Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=3|pages=73–83|url=http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Peirce/small-diffs.htm}} http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Peirce/small-diffs.htm</ref>和教育学<ref>Hacking, Ian (September 1988). "Telepathy: Origins of Randomization in Experimental Design". Isis. A Special Issue on Artifact and Experiment. 79 (3): 427–451. </ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/444032|author=Stephen M. Stigler|title=A Historical View of Statistical Concepts in Psychology and Educational Research| journal=American Journal of Education| volume=101|issue=1|date=November 1992|pages=60–70}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/383850|author=Trudy Dehue|title=Deception, Efficiency, and Random Groups: Psychology and the Gradual Origination of the Random Group Design|journal=Isis (journal)|volume=88|issue=4|date=December 1997|pages=653–673|pmid=9519574|url=https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/71855616/237831.pdf}}</ref>领域引入随机实验。