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在化学和化学工程领域，斑图生成的研究进展良好，其中包括温度和浓度斑图。由'''伊利亚·普利高津 Ilya Prigogine''' 和其合作者开发的布鲁塞尔器模型就是一个展示出图灵不稳定性的例子。化学体系中的斑图生成通常涉及'''<font color="#ff8000"> 振荡化学动力学 oscillatory chemical kinetics</font>''' 或'''<font color="#ff8000"> 自催化反应 autocatalytic reactions</font>'''，如别洛乌索夫-扎波茨基反应或布里格斯-劳舍反应。在工业应用中，如化学反应堆，斑图生成可能导致温度热点，进而会降低产量或造成灾害性安全问题，如热失控。斑图生成的出现可以用底层的反应—扩散系统的数学建模与模拟来研究。
在化学和化学工程领域，斑图生成的研究进展良好，其中包括温度和浓度斑图。由'''伊利亚·普利高津 Ilya Prigogine''' 和其合作者开发的布鲁塞尔器模型就是一个展示出图灵不稳定性的例子。化学体系中的斑图生成通常涉及'''<font color="#ff8000"> 振荡化学动力学 oscillatory chemical kinetics</font>''' 或'''<font color="#ff8000"> 自催化反应 autocatalytic reactions</font>'''，如别洛乌索夫-扎波茨基反应或布里格斯-劳舍反应。在工业应用中，如化学反应堆，斑图生成可能导致温度热点，进而会降低产量或造成灾害性安全问题，如热失控。斑图生成的出现可以用底层的反应—扩散系统的数学建模与模拟来研究。
* [[Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction]]
* [[Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction]]
A '''Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction''', or '''BZ reaction''', is one of a class of reactions that serve as a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, resulting in the establishment of a nonlinear chemical oscillator. The only common element in these oscillators is the inclusion of bromine and an acid. The reactions are important to theoretical chemistry in that they show that chemical reactions do not have to be dominated by equilibrium thermodynamic behavior. These reactions are far from equilibrium and remain so for a significant length of time and evolve chaotically. In this sense, they provide an interesting chemical model of nonequilibrium biological<sup>[''clarification needed'']</sup> phenomena; as such, mathematical models and simulations of the BZ reactions themselves are of theoretical interest, showing phenomenon as noise-induced order.
An essential aspect of the BZ reaction is its so called "excitability"; under the influence of stimuli, patterns develop in what would otherwise be a perfectly quiescent medium. Some clock reactions such as Briggs–Rauscher and BZ using the tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride as catalyst can be excited into self-organising activity through the influence of light.
* [[Liesegang rings]]
* [[Liesegang rings]]
'''Liesegang rings''' (/ˈliːzəɡɑːŋ/) are a phenomenon seen in many, if not most, chemical systems undergoing a precipitation reaction under certain conditions of concentration and in the absence of convection. Rings are formed when weakly soluble salts are produced from reaction of two soluble substances, one of which is dissolved in a gel medium. The phenomenon is most commonly seen as rings in a Petri dish or bands in a test tube; however, more complex patterns have been observed, such as dislocations of the ring structure in a Petri dish, helices, and "Saturn rings" in a test tube. Despite continuous investigation since rediscovery of the rings in 1896, the mechanism for the formation of Liesegang rings is still unclear.
===Physics===
===Physics===