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第20行： − − ==Overview== − − In [[explicit symmetry breaking]], if two outcomes are considered, the probability of a pair of outcomes can be different. By definition, spontaneous symmetry breaking requires the existence of a symmetric probability distribution—any pair of outcomes has the same probability. In other words, the underlying laws{{clarify|date=December 2016}} are [[Invariant (physics)|invariant]] under a [[Symmetry (physics)|symmetry]] transformation. − − The system, as a whole{{clarify|date=December 2016}}, changes under such transformations. − − Phases of matter, such as crystals, magnets, and conventional superconductors, as well as simple phase transitions can be described by spontaneous symmetry breaking. Notable exceptions include topological phases of matter like the [[fractional quantum Hall effect]].
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自发对称破缺是一个自发的对称破缺过程，它使处于对称状态的物理系统最终处于非对称状态。特别地，它可以描述运动方程或拉格朗日方程服从某种对称性，但最低能量真空解不具有该对称性的系统。当系统进入其中一个真空解时，真空解周围的扰动会破坏系统对称性，尽管整个拉格朗日方程仍然保持了对称性。
自发对称破缺是一个自发的对称破缺过程，它使处于对称状态的物理系统最终处于非对称状态。特别地，它可以描述运动方程或拉格朗日方程服从某种对称性，但最低能量真空解不具有该对称性的系统。当系统进入其中一个真空解时，真空解周围的扰动会破坏系统对称性，尽管整个拉格朗日方程仍然保持了对称性。
==Examples 例子==
==Examples 例子==