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第6行： + − 此词条由Henry初次翻译。 − {{More footnotes|date=May 2013}} − 已由三奇同学完成第一次审校。 − {{More footnotes|date=January 2021}} − − {{Quantum field theory|cTopic=Some models}} − − In [[physics]], an '''effective field theory''' is a type of approximation, or [[effective theory]], for an underlying physical theory, such as a [[quantum field theory]] or a [[statistical mechanics]] model. An effective field theory includes the appropriate [[degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)|degrees of freedom]] to describe physical phenomena occurring at a chosen [[length scale]] or energy scale, while ignoring substructure and degrees of freedom at shorter distances (or, equivalently, at higher energies). Intuitively, one averages over the behavior of the underlying theory at shorter length scales to derive what is hoped to be a simplified model at longer length scales. Effective field theories typically work best when there is a large separation between length scale of interest and the length scale of the underlying dynamics. Effective field theories have found use in [[particle physics]], [[statistical mechanics]], [[condensed matter physics]], [[general relativity]], and [[hydrodynamics]]. They simplify calculations, and allow treatment of [[Dissipative system|dissipation]] and [[radiation]] effects.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.174301|pmid=23679733|url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/38643/1/PhysRevLett.110.174301.pdf|title=Classical Mechanics of Nonconservative Systems|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=110|issue=17|pages=174301|year=2013|last1=Galley|first1=Chad R.|s2cid=14591873|access-date=2014-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303174914/http://authors.library.caltech.edu/38643/1/PhysRevLett.110.174301.pdf|archive-date=2014-03-03|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |arxiv = 1402.2610|last1 = Birnholtz|first1 = Ofek|title = Radiation reaction at the level of the action|journal = International Journal of Modern Physics A|volume = 29|issue = 24|pages = 1450132|last2 = Hadar|first2 = Shahar|last3 = Kol|first3 = Barak|year = 2014|doi = 10.1142/S0217751X14501322|s2cid = 118541484}}</ref> − − In physics, an effective field theory is a type of approximation, or effective theory, for an underlying physical theory, such as a quantum field theory or a statistical mechanics model. An effective field theory includes the appropriate degrees of freedom to describe physical phenomena occurring at a chosen length scale or energy scale, while ignoring substructure and degrees of freedom at shorter distances (or, equivalently, at higher energies). Intuitively, one averages over the behavior of the underlying theory at shorter length scales to derive what is hoped to be a simplified model at longer length scales. Effective field theories typically work best when there is a large separation between length scale of interest and the length scale of the underlying dynamics. Effective field theories have found use in particle physics, statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics, general relativity, and hydrodynamics. They simplify calculations, and allow treatment of dissipation and radiation effects. − − 在物理学中，<font color="#ff8000"> 有效场论Effective field theory</font>是一种有效的近似理论，用于基础的物理理论，比如量子场论或者统计力学模型理论。有效场论用适当的自由度来描述特定距离尺度或能量尺度下发生的物理现象，而忽略在较小尺度上的子结构和自由度(或者相仿地，在较高的能量上)。直观地说，一个人可以用较短的长度尺度对潜在理论的结果取平均，从而得出一个在较长长度尺度下的简化模型。当研究者感兴趣的尺度与相互作用的基本尺度存在较大差异时，有效场论是最实用的。有效场论已经在粒子物理学、统计力学、凝聚态物理学、广义相对论和流体力学中得到了应用。它们简化了计算，并可以处理耗散和辐射效应。
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在物理学中，<font color="#ff8000"> 有效场论Effective field theory</font>是一种有效的近似理论，用于基础的物理理论，比如量子场论或者统计力学模型理论。有效场论用适当的自由度来描述特定距离尺度或能量尺度下发生的物理现象，而忽略在较小尺度上的子结构和自由度(或者相仿地，在较高的能量上)。直观地说，一个人可以用较短的长度尺度对潜在理论的结果取平均，从而得出一个在较长长度尺度下的简化模型。当研究者感兴趣的尺度与相互作用的基本尺度存在较大差异时，有效场论是最实用的。有效场论已经在粒子物理学、统计力学、凝聚态物理学、广义相对论和流体力学中得到了应用。它们简化了计算，并可以处理耗散和辐射效应。<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.174301|pmid=23679733|url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/38643/1/PhysRevLett.110.174301.pdf|title=Classical Mechanics of Nonconservative Systems|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=110|issue=17|pages=174301|year=2013|last1=Galley|first1=Chad R.|s2cid=14591873|access-date=2014-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303174914/http://authors.library.caltech.edu/38643/1/PhysRevLett.110.174301.pdf|archive-date=2014-03-03|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |arxiv = 1402.2610|last1 = Birnholtz|first1 = Ofek|title = Radiation reaction at the level of the action|journal = International Journal of Modern Physics A|volume = 29|issue = 24|pages = 1450132|last2 = Hadar|first2 = Shahar|last3 = Kol|first3 = Barak|year = 2014|doi = 10.1142/S0217751X14501322|s2cid = 118541484}}</ref>