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For example: a context-aware mobile phone may know that it is currently in the meeting room, and that the user has sat down. The phone may conclude that the user is currently in a meeting and reject any unimportant calls.

For example: a context-aware mobile phone may know that it is currently in the meeting room, and that the user has sat down. The phone may conclude that the user is currently in a meeting and reject any unimportant calls.

计算机科学界最初认为情景是一个用户位置的问题，但正如 Dey 所讨论的^[1]，在过去几年中，这个概念不仅被认为是一个状态，而且是一个过程的一部分，用户也参与其中;一些或简单或复杂的情景模型被提出(见调查'''，指代不清楚^[8]''') ，以支持情景感知应用程序，以(a)适应接口，(b)定制应用相关数据集，(c)提高信息检索的精度，(d)发现服务，(e)使用户隐式交互，或(f)构建智能环境。例如: 情景感知的移动电话若感知到用户当前在会议室且入座，电话就会断定用户当前正在开会，并拒绝任何不重要的电话^[9]。

计算机科学界最初认为情景是一个用户位置的问题，但正如 Dey 所讨论的<ref name="dey2001"/> ，在过去几年中，这个概念不仅被认为是一个状态，而且是一个过程的一部分，用户也参与其中;一些或简单或复杂的情景模型被提出(见调查<ref name="curino-context2007">{{cite journal

}}</ref>))  ，以支持情景感知应用程序，以(a)适应接口，(b)定制应用相关数据集，(c)提高信息检索的精度，(d)发现服务，(e)使用户隐式交互，或(f)构建智能环境。例如: 情景感知的移动电话若感知到用户当前在会议室且入座，电话就会断定用户当前正在开会，并拒绝任何不重要的电话。<ref name="schmidt1999a">{{cite conference

}}</ref>

Context-aware systems are concerned with the acquisition of context (e.g. using sensors to perceive a situation), the abstraction and understanding of context (e.g. matching a perceived sensory stimulus to a context), and application behaviour based on the recognized context (e.g. triggering actions based on context).<ref name="schmidt2003phd">{{cite conference  

Context-aware systems are concerned with the acquisition of context (e.g. using sensors to perceive a situation), the abstraction and understanding of context (e.g. matching a perceived sensory stimulus to a context), and application behaviour based on the recognized context (e.g. triggering actions based on context).<ref name="schmidt2003phd">{{cite conference  

As the user's activity and location are crucial for many applications, context awareness has been focused more deeply in the research fields of location awareness and activity recognition.

As the user's activity and location are crucial for many applications, context awareness has been focused more deeply in the research fields of location awareness and activity recognition.

情景感知系统关注情景信息的获取(例如:使用传感器来感知一个场景) ，对场景的抽象和理解(例如:将感官感知到的刺激与情景进行匹配) ，以及基于识别情景的应用行为(例如:根据情景触发动作)^[10]。由于用户的活动和位置对于许多应用来说都是至关重要的，因此情景感知在位置感知和活动识别等领域得到了越来越深入的研究。

情景感知系统关注情景信息的获取(例如:使用传感器来感知一个场景) ，对场景的抽象和理解(例如:将感官感知到的刺激与情景进行匹配) ，以及基于识别情景的应用行为(例如:根据情景触发动作) <ref name="schmidt2003phd">{{cite conference

}}</ref>。由于用户的活动和位置对于许多应用来说都是至关重要的，因此情景感知在位置感知和活动识别等领域得到了越来越深入的研究。

Context awareness is regarded as an enabling technology for ubiquitous computing systems.

Context awareness is regarded as an enabling technology for ubiquitous computing systems.

define human factors and physical environment as two important aspects relating to computer science. More recently, much work has also been done to ease the distribution of context information; Bellavista, Corradi, Fanelli & Foschini survey the several middleware solutions that have been designed to transparently implement context management and provisioning in the mobile system. Grifoni, D'Ulizia & Ferri  provided a review of several context-aware location-based service systems using big data by analysing the methodological and practical choices that their developers made during the main phases of the context awareness process (i.e. context acquisition, context representation, and context reasoning and adaptation). Perera, Zaslavsky, Christen, & Georgakopoulos have performed a comprehensive survey on context-aware computing from Internet of Things perspective by reviewing over 50 leading projects in the field. Further, Perera has also surveyed a large number of industrial products in the existing IoT marketplace from context-aware computing perspective. Their survey is intended to serve as a guideline and a conceptual framework for context-aware product development and research in the IoT paradigm. The evaluation has been done using the theoretical framework developed by Dey and Abowd (1999) more than a decade ago. The combination of the Internet and emerging technologies transform everyday objects into smart objects that can understand and react to their contexts.

define human factors and physical environment as two important aspects relating to computer science. More recently, much work has also been done to ease the distribution of context information; Bellavista, Corradi, Fanelli & Foschini survey the several middleware solutions that have been designed to transparently implement context management and provisioning in the mobile system. Grifoni, D'Ulizia & Ferri  provided a review of several context-aware location-based service systems using big data by analysing the methodological and practical choices that their developers made during the main phases of the context awareness process (i.e. context acquisition, context representation, and context reasoning and adaptation). Perera, Zaslavsky, Christen, & Georgakopoulos have performed a comprehensive survey on context-aware computing from Internet of Things perspective by reviewing over 50 leading projects in the field. Further, Perera has also surveyed a large number of industrial products in the existing IoT marketplace from context-aware computing perspective. Their survey is intended to serve as a guideline and a conceptual framework for context-aware product development and research in the IoT paradigm. The evaluation has been done using the theoretical framework developed by Dey and Abowd (1999) more than a decade ago. The combination of the Internet and emerging technologies transform everyday objects into smart objects that can understand and react to their contexts.

情景感知被认为是普适计算系统的一种赋能技术。情景感知被用来设计创新的用户界面，并且常常作为普适计算和可穿戴计算的一部分使用。随着混合搜索引擎的出现，互联网领域也开始感受到这一点。Schmidt, Beigl 和 Gellersen^[11]将人的因素和物理环境定义为与计算机科学有关的两个重要方面。最近，在简化情景信息的分发方面也有很多研究成果，Bellavista、 Corradi、 Fanelli 和 Foschini ^[12]调查了几个中间件解决方案，这些中间件解决方案旨在移动系统中实现情景的透明管理和配置。Grifoni，D'Ulizia 和 Ferri^[13] 梳理了使用大数据的基于位置的情景认知服务系统的研究人员在情景感知主要阶段（包括情景获取，情景表达，情景推理和情景适应）的理论与实践方法。Perera，Zaslavsky，Christen，和 Georgakopoulos ^[14]从物联网的角度对情景感知计算进行了全面的调查，回顾了该领域50多个主要项目。此外，Perera还从情景感知计算的角度调查了现有物联网市场中的大量工业产品^[15]。他们的调查旨在为物联网范式下的情景感知的产品开发和研究提供指导和概念框架。评价是利用10多年前由 Dey 和 Abowd (1999)开发的理论框架进行的。互联网和新兴技术的结合将日常物品转化为智能物品，可以理解环境并做出回应^[16]。

情景感知被认为是普适计算系统的一种赋能技术。情景感知被用来设计创新的用户界面，并且常常作为普适计算和可穿戴计算的一部分使用。随着混合搜索引擎的出现，互联网领域也开始感受到这一点。Schmidt, Beigl 和 Gellersen <ref name="schmidt1999b">{{cite journal

}}</ref>将人的因素和物理环境定义为与计算机科学有关的两个重要方面。最近，在简化情景信息的分发方面也有很多研究成果，Bellavista、 Corradi、 Fanelli 和 Foschini <ref name="foschini11">{{cite journal

}}</ref>调查了几个中间件解决方案，这些中间件解决方案旨在移动系统中实现情景的透明管理和配置。Grifoni，D'Ulizia 和 Ferri <ref>{{Cite book|title=Context-Awareness in Location Based Services in the Big Data Era|last=Grifoni|first=Patrizia|last2=D’Ulizia|first2=Arianna|last3=Ferri|first3=Fernando|date=2018|publisher=Springer, Cham|isbn=9783319679242|series=Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies|pages=85–127|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-67925-9_5}}</ref>梳理了使用大数据的基于位置的情景认知服务系统的研究人员在情景感知主要阶段（包括情景获取，情景表达，情景推理和情景适应）的理论与实践方法。Perera，Zaslavsky，Christen，和 Georgakopoulos <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Perera|first=C.|last2=Zaslavsky|first2=A.|last3=Christen|first3=P.|last4=Georgakopoulos|first4=D.|date= 2014|title=Context Aware Computing for The Internet of Things: A Survey|journal=IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials|volume=16|issue=1|pages=414–454|doi=10.1109/SURV.2013.042313.00197|issn=1553-877X|arxiv=1305.0982}}</ref> have performed a comprehensive survey on context-aware computing from Internet of Things perspective by reviewing over 50 leading projects in the field. Further, Perera has also surveyed a large number of industrial products in the existing IoT marketplace from context-aware computing perspective.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Perera|first=C.|last2=Liu|first2=C. H.|last3=Jayawardena|first3=S.|last4=Chen|first4=M.|date=2014|title=A Survey on Internet of Things From Industrial Market Perspective|journal=IEEE Access|volume=2|pages=1660–1679|doi=10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2389854|issn=2169-3536|arxiv=1502.00164}}</ref>从物联网的角度对情景感知计算进行了全面的调查，回顾了该领域50多个主要项目。此外，Perera还从情景感知计算的角度调查了现有物联网市场中的大量工业产品。<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Perera|first=C.|last2=Liu|first2=C. H.|last3=Jayawardena|first3=S.|last4=Chen|first4=M.|date=2014|title=A Survey on Internet of Things From Industrial Market Perspective|journal=IEEE Access|volume=2|pages=1660–1679|doi=10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2389854|issn=2169-3536|arxiv=1502.00164}}</ref> 他们的调查旨在为物联网范式下的情景感知的产品开发和研究提供指导和概念框架。评价是利用10多年前由 Dey 和 Abowd (1999)开发的理论框架进行的。互联网和新兴技术的结合将日常物品转化为智能物品，可以理解环境并做出回应。<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kortuem|first=Gerd|last2=Kawsar|first2=Fahim|last3=Sundramoorthy|first3=Vasughi|last4=Fitton|first4=Daniel|date=January 2010|title=Smart Objects As Building Blocks for the Internet of Things|journal=IEEE Internet Computing|volume=14|issue=1|pages=44–51|doi=10.1109/MIC.2009.143|issn=1089-7801|url=http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2735/1/w1iot.pdf}}</ref>

Human factors related context is structured into three categories: information on the user (knowledge of habits, emotional state, biophysiological conditions), the user's social environment (co-location of others, social interaction, group dynamics), and the user's tasks (spontaneous activity, engaged tasks, general goals). Likewise, context related to physical environment is structured into three categories: location (absolute position, relative position, [[wikt:colocation|co-location]]), infrastructure (surrounding resources for computation, communication, task performance), and physical conditions (noise, light, pressure, air quality).<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11042-010-0711-z?LI=true A Comprehensive Framework for Context-Aware Communication Systems. B. Chihani, E. Bertin, N. Crespi. 15th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks (ICIN'11), Berlin, Germany, October 2011]</ref><ref>[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5956518 A Self-Organization Mechanism for a Cold Chain Monitoring System. C. Nicolas, M. Marot, M. Becker.  73rd Vehicular Technology Conference 2011 IEEE (VTC Spring), Yokohama, Japan May 2011]</ref>

Human factors related context is structured into three categories: information on the user (knowledge of habits, emotional state, biophysiological conditions), the user's social environment (co-location of others, social interaction, group dynamics), and the user's tasks (spontaneous activity, engaged tasks, general goals). Likewise, context related to physical environment is structured into three categories: location (absolute position, relative position, [[wikt:colocation|co-location]]), infrastructure (surrounding resources for computation, communication, task performance), and physical conditions (noise, light, pressure, air quality).<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11042-010-0711-z?LI=true A Comprehensive Framework for Context-Aware Communication Systems. B. Chihani, E. Bertin, N. Crespi. 15th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks (ICIN'11), Berlin, Germany, October 2011]</ref><ref>[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5956518 A Self-Organization Mechanism for a Cold Chain Monitoring System. C. Nicolas, M. Marot, M. Becker.  73rd Vehicular Technology Conference 2011 IEEE (VTC Spring), Yokohama, Japan May 2011]</ref>

情景相关的人类特征可以被分为3类:用户基本信息（习惯、情绪状态、生物心理状况）、用户社交环境（位置网、社交、群体动态）和用户任务（无意识活动、沉浸式任务、一般任务）。物理环境相关的情景也可以分为3类：位置（绝对位置、相对位置和位置网），设施（周围的计算资源、交流、任务表现）和物理条件（噪音、灯光、压力、空气质量）^[17-18]。'''【位置可能有问题】'''

情景相关的人类特征可以被分为3类:用户基本信息（习惯、情绪状态、生物心理状况）、用户社交环境（位置网、社交、群体动态）和用户任务（无意识活动、沉浸式任务、一般任务）。物理环境相关的情景也可以分为3类：位置（绝对位置、相对位置和位置网），设施（周围的计算资源、交流、任务表现）和物理条件（噪音、灯光、压力、空气质量）。<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11042-010-0711-z?LI=true A Comprehensive Framework for Context-Aware Communication Systems. B. Chihani, E. Bertin, N. Crespi. 15th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks (ICIN'11), Berlin, Germany, October 2011]</ref><ref>[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5956518 A Self-Organization Mechanism for a Cold Chain Monitoring System. C. Nicolas, M. Marot, M. Becker.  73rd Vehicular Technology Conference 2011 IEEE (VTC Spring), Yokohama, Japan May 2011]</ref>'''【位置可能有问题】'''

== Relational context : dynamic and non-user-centric definitions==

== Relational context : dynamic and non-user-centric definitions==