7,129
个编辑
更改
跳到导航
跳到搜索
第776行：
第776行： − }} − {{refend}} − − === Other sources === − {{refbegin|30em}} − * {{cite journal |last1=Asada |first1=M. |last2=Hosoda |first2=K. |last3=Kuniyoshi |first3=Y. |last4=Ishiguro |first4=H. |last5=Inui |first5=T. |last6=Yoshikawa |first6=Y. |last7=Ogino |first7=M. |last8=Yoshida |first8=C. |year=2009 |title=Cognitive developmental robotics: a survey |journal=IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=12–34 |doi=10.1109/tamd.2009.2021702 |s2cid=10168773 }} − * {{cite web − |ref = {{harvid|ACM|1998}} − |publisher = [[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]] − |year = 1998 − |title = ACM Computing Classification System: Artificial intelligence − |url = http://www.acm.org/class/1998/I.2.html − |accessdate = 30 August 2007 − |url-status = dead − |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071012025921/http://www.acm.org/class/1998/I.2.html − |archive-date = 12 October 2007 − |df = dmy-all − }} − * {{cite book − | last1=Goodman − | first1=Joanna − | author-link=Joanna Goodman − | year=2016 − | title=Robots in Law: How Artificial Intelligence is Transforming Legal Services − | publisher=Ark Group − | edition=1st − | isbn=978-1-78358-264-8 − | url=https://www.ark-group.com/product/robots-law-how-artificial-intelligence-transforming-legal-services − | access-date=7 November 2016 − | archive-date=8 November 2016 − | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108052144/https://www.ark-group.com/product/robots-law-how-artificial-intelligence-transforming-legal-services − | url-status=live − }} − * {{cite encyclopedia − |last=Albus − |first=J. S. − |year=2002 − |pages=11–20 − |title=4-D/RCS: A Reference Model Architecture for Intelligent Unmanned Ground Vehicles − |editor1-last=Gerhart − |editor-first=G. − |editor2-last=Gunderson − |editor2-first=R. − |editor3-last=Shoemaker − |editor3-first=C. − |encyclopedia=Proceedings of the SPIE AeroSense Session on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology − |volume=3693 − |url=http://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/documents/albus/4DRCS.pdf − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040725051856/http://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/documents/albus/4DRCS.pdf − |url-status=dead − |archive-date=25 July 2004 − |bibcode=2002SPIE.4715..303A − |doi=10.1117/12.474462 − |citeseerx=10.1.1.15.14 − |series=Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology IV − |s2cid=63339739 − }} − * {{Cite book − |last = Aleksander − |first = Igor − |author-link = Igor Aleksander − |year = 1995 − |title = Artificial Neuroconsciousness: An Update − |publisher = IWANN − |url = http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/research/neural/publications/iwann.html − |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/19970302014628/http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/research/neural/publications/iwann.html − |archive-date = 2 March 1997 − }} [http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bibtex/conf/iwann/Aleksander95 BibTex] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970302014628/http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/research/neural/publications/iwann.html |date=2 March 1997 }}. − * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Bach |first=Joscha |year=2008 |pages=63–74 |title=Seven Principles of Synthetic Intelligence |editor1-last=Wang |editor1-first=Pei |editor2-last=Goertzel |editor2-first=Ben |editor3-last=Franklin |editor3-first=Stan |work=Artificial General Intelligence, 2008: Proceedings of the First AGI Conference |publisher=IOS Press |isbn=978-1-58603-833-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a_ZR81Z25z0C&pg=PA63 |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-date=8 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708030627/https://books.google.com/books?id=a_ZR81Z25z0C&pg=PA63 |url-status=live }} − * {{cite news − |ref={{harvid|''BBC News''|2006}} − |date=21 December 2006 − |title=Robots could demand legal rights − |work=BBC News − |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6200005.stm − |accessdate=3 February 2011 − |archive-date=15 October 2019 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015042628/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6200005.stm − |url-status=live − }} − * {{cite journal | last=Brooks | first=Rodney | author-link=Rodney Brooks | year=1990 | title=Elephants Don't Play Chess | journal=Robotics and Autonomous Systems | volume=6 | issue=1–2 | pages=3–15 | doi=10.1016/S0921-8890(05)80025-9 | url=http://people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/papers/elephants.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809020912/http://people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/papers/elephants.pdf | archive-date=9 August 2007 | url-status=live | citeseerx=10.1.1.588.7539 }} − * {{cite encyclopedia − | last=Brooks |first=R. A. |year=1991 |pages=225–239 − | title=How to build complete creatures rather than isolated cognitive simulators − | editor-last=VanLehn |editor-first=K. − | encyclopedia=Architectures for Intelligence |location=Hillsdale, NJ |publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates − |citeseerx=10.1.1.52.9510}} − * {{cite journal − |last=Buchanan − |first=Bruce G. − |year=2005 − |pages=53–60 − |title=A (Very) Brief History of Artificial Intelligence − |journal=AI Magazine − |url=http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/assets/PDF/AIMag26-04-016.pdf − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926023314/http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/assets/PDF/AIMag26-04-016.pdf − |archive-date=26 September 2007 − |url-status=dead − |df=dmy − }} − * {{cite news − |last=Butler − |first=Samuel − |author-link=Samuel Butler (novelist) − |date=13 June 1863 − |title=Darwin among the Machines − |work=[[The Press]] − |location=Christchurch, New Zealand − |department=Letters to the Editor − |url=http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-ButFir-t1-g1-t1-g1-t4-body.html − |accessdate=16 October 2014 − |via=Victoria University of Wellington − |archive-date=19 September 2008 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919172551/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-ButFir-t1-g1-t1-g1-t4-body.html − |url-status=live − }} − * {{cite web − |url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-08/why-2015-was-a-breakthrough-year-in-artificial-intelligence − |title = Why 2015 Was a Breakthrough Year in Artificial Intelligence − |last = Clark − |first = Jack − |website = Bloomberg News − |date = 8 December 2015 − |access-date = 23 November 2016 − |quote = After a half-decade of quiet breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, 2015 has been a landmark year. Computers are smarter and learning faster than ever. − |url-status = live − |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161123053855/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-08/why-2015-was-a-breakthrough-year-in-artificial-intelligence − |archive-date = 23 November 2016 − |df = dmy-all − }} − * {{cite news − |ref={{harvid|''CNN''|2006}} − |title=AI set to exceed human brain power − |work=CNN − |date=26 July 2006 − |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/science/07/24/ai.bostrom/ − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219001624/http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/science/07/24/ai.bostrom/ − |archive-date=19 February 2008 − |url-status=live − }} − * {{cite book − | last=Dennett | first=Daniel | author-link=Daniel Dennett − | year=1991 − | title=Consciousness Explained − | publisher=The Penguin Press − | isbn= 978-0-7139-9037-9 − | title-link=Consciousness Explained }} − <!--* {{cite magazine − | last=Diamond |first=David |date=December 2003 − | title=The Love Machine; Building computers that care − | magazine=Wired − | url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.12/love.html − | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080518185630/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.12/love.html − | archivedate=18 May 2008 |url-status=live − }} − -->* {{cite book − |first1=Pedro |last1=Domingos |author-link=Pedro Domingos − |year=2015 − |title=The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World − |publisher = Basic Books − |isbn=978-0-465-06192-1 − |title-link=The Master Algorithm }} − * {{cite journal |last1=Dowe |first1=D. L. |last2=Hajek |first2=A. R. |year=1997 |title=A computational extension to the Turing Test |journal=Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the Australasian Cognitive Science Society |url=http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/publications/1997/tr-cs97-322-abs.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628194905/http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/publications/1997/tr-cs97-322-abs.html |archive-date=28 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }} − * {{cite book − | last=Dreyfus | first=Hubert | author-link = Hubert Dreyfus − | year = 1972 − | title = What Computers Can't Do − | publisher = MIT Press | location = New York − | isbn = 978-0-06-011082-6 − | title-link=What Computers Can't Do }} − * {{cite book − |last1 = Dreyfus − |first1 = Hubert − |author-link = Hubert Dreyfus − |last2 = Dreyfus − |first2 = Stuart − |year = 1986 − |title = Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer − |publisher = Blackwell − |location = Oxford, UK − |isbn = 978-0-02-908060-3 − |url = https://archive.org/details/mindovermachinep00drey − |access-date = 22 August 2020 − |archive-date = 26 July 2020 − |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200726131414/https://archive.org/details/mindovermachinep00drey − |url-status = live − }} − * {{cite book − | last=Dreyfus | first=Hubert | author-link = Hubert Dreyfus − | year =1992 − | title = What Computers ''Still'' Can't Do − | publisher = MIT Press | location = New York − | isbn=978-0-262-54067-4 − }} − * {{cite book − |last=Dyson − |first=George − |author-link=George Dyson (science historian) − |year=1998 − |title=Darwin among the Machines − |publisher=Allan Lane Science − |isbn=978-0-7382-0030-9 − |url=https://archive.org/details/darwinamongmachi00dyso − |access-date=22 August 2020 − |archive-date=26 July 2020 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726131443/https://archive.org/details/darwinamongmachi00dyso − |url-status=live − }} − * {{cite web |last=Edelman |first=Gerald |author-link=Gerald Edelman |date=23 November 2007 |title=Gerald Edelman – Neural Darwinism and Brain-based Devices |url=http://lis.epfl.ch/resources/podcast/2007/11/gerald-edelman-neural-darwinism-and.html |publisher=Talking Robots |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008184132/http://lis.epfl.ch/resources/podcast/2007/11/gerald-edelman-neural-darwinism-and.html |archive-date=8 October 2009 }} − * {{cite book − |last=Edelson − |first=Edward − |year=1991 − |title=The Nervous System − |url=https://archive.org/details/nervoussystem0000edel − |url-access=registration − |publisher=Chelsea House<!--so Worldcat, originally here Remmel Nunn--> − |location=New York − |isbn=978-0-7910-0464-7 − |access-date=18 November 2019 − |archive-date=26 July 2020 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726131758/https://archive.org/details/nervoussystem0000edel − |url-status=live − }} − * {{cite book − | last=Fearn − | first = Nicholas − | year =2007 − | title= The Latest Answers to the Oldest Questions: A Philosophical Adventure with the World's Greatest Thinkers − | publisher = Grove Press − | location=New York |isbn=978-0-8021-1839-4 − }} − * {{cite book − | last = Gladwell | first = Malcolm | author-link= Malcolm Gladwell − | year = 2005 − | title = Blink − | isbn = 978-0-316-17232-5 − | publisher = Little, Brown and Co. | location = New York − | title-link = Blink (book) }} − * {{cite conference − | last=Gödel |first=Kurt |author-link=Kurt Gödel |year=1951 − | title=Some basic theorems on the foundations of mathematics and their implications − | conference=Gibbs Lecture − }} In<br /> {{cite book − | editor-last=Feferman |editor-first=Solomon |editor-link=Solomon Feferman |year=1995 |pages=304–23 − | title=Kurt Gödel: Collected Works, Vol. III: Unpublished Essays and Lectures − | publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-514722-3 − }} − * {{cite book − | last=Haugeland | first=John | author-link = John Haugeland − | year = 1985 − | title = Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea − | publisher=MIT Press| location= Cambridge, Mass. − | isbn=978-0-262-08153-5 − }} − * {{cite book − | last1=Hawkins | first1=Jeff | author-link=Jeff Hawkins − | last2=Blakeslee | first2=Sandra − | year=2005 − | title=On Intelligence − | publisher=Owl Books | location=New York, NY − | isbn=978-0-8050-7853-4 − | title-link=On Intelligence }} − * {{cite news − | last=Henderson − | first=Mark − | date=24 April 2007 − | title=Human rights for robots? We're getting carried away − | url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/technology/article1966391.ece − | work=The Times Online − | location=London − | access-date=31 May 2014 − | archive-date=31 May 2014 − | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531104850/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/technology/article1966391.ece − | url-status=live − }} − * {{cite journal − | last=Hernandez-Orallo |first=Jose |year=2000 − | title=Beyond the Turing Test − | journal=Journal of Logic, Language and Information |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=447–466 − | doi=10.1023/A:1008367325700 − | s2cid=14481982 }} − * {{cite journal − | last1=Hernandez-Orallo |first1=J. |last2=Dowe |first2=D. L. |year=2010 − | title=Measuring Universal Intelligence: Towards an Anytime Intelligence Test − | journal=Artificial Intelligence |volume=174 |issue=18 |pages=1508–1539 − | doi=10.1016/j.artint.2010.09.006 − |citeseerx=10.1.1.295.9079}} − * {{cite journal − | last=Hinton |first=G. E. |year=2007 − | title=Learning multiple layers of representation − | journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |volume=11 | issue=10 |pages=428–434 | doi=10.1016/j.tics.2007.09.004 − | pmid=17921042 | s2cid=15066318 }} − * {{cite book − | last=Hofstadter | first = Douglas | author-link = Douglas Hofstadter − | year = 1979 − | title = Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid − | isbn=978-0-394-74502-2 − | publisher=Vintage Books − | location=New York, NY − | title-link=Gödel, Escher, Bach }} − * {{cite book − |last=Holland − |first=John H. − |year=1975 − |title=Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems − |publisher=University of Michigan Press − |isbn=978-0-262-58111-0 − |url-access=registration − |url=https://archive.org/details/adaptationinnatu00holl − |access-date=17 December 2019 − |archive-date=26 July 2020 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726213317/https://archive.org/details/adaptationinnatu00holl − |url-status=live − }} − * {{cite web − |first = J. − |last = Howe − |date = November 1994 − |title = Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University: a Perspective − |url = http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/about/AIhistory.html − |accessdate = 30 August 2007 − |archive-date = 15 May 2007 − |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070515072641/http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/about/AIhistory.html − |url-status = live − }} − * {{cite book − | last=Hutter |first=M. |year=2012 − | title=Theoretical Foundations of Artificial General Intelligence − | chapter=One Decade of Universal Artificial Intelligence − | volume=4 | pages=67–88 |series=Atlantis Thinking Machines − | doi=10.2991/978-94-91216-62-6_5 |isbn=978-94-91216-61-9 − | citeseerx=10.1.1.228.8725 | s2cid=8888091 }} − <!--* {{cite journal − | last=James |first=William |year=1884 − | title=What is Emotion − | journal=Mind |volume=9 | issue=34 |pages=188–205 |doi=10.1093/mind/os-IX.34.188 − }} Cited by {{harvnb|Tao|Tan|2005}}. − -->* {{cite book − | last1=Kahneman | first1=Daniel | author-link=Daniel Kahneman − | last2=Slovic | first2= D. − | last3=Tversky | first3=Amos | author3-link=Amos Tversky − | year=1982 − | title=Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases − | journal=Science | volume=185 | issue=4157 | pages=1124–31 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=New York − | isbn=978-0-521-28414-1 − | pmid=17835457 | doi=10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 | s2cid=143452957 }} − * {{cite journal − | last1=Kaplan |first1=Andreas − | last2=Haenlein | first2= Michael − | title=Siri, Siri in my Hand, who's the Fairest in the Land? On the Interpretations, Illustrations and Implications of Artificial Intelligence − | journal=Business Horizons | volume=62 | pages=15–25 | doi=10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.004 | year=2019 }} − * {{cite magazine − |last=Katz − |first=Yarden − |date=1 November 2012 − |title=Noam Chomsky on Where Artificial Intelligence Went Wrong − |magazine=The Atlantic − |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/11/noam-chomsky-on-where-artificial-intelligence-went-wrong/261637/?single_page=true − |accessdate=26 October 2014 − |archive-date=28 February 2019 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228154403/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/11/noam-chomsky-on-where-artificial-intelligence-went-wrong/261637/?single_page=true − |url-status=live − }} − * {{cite web − |ref={{harvid|''Kismet''}} − |title=Kismet − |publisher=MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Humanoid Robotics Group − |url=http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/kismet/kismet.html − |accessdate=25 October 2014 − |archive-date=17 October 2014 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017040432/http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/kismet/kismet.html − |url-status=live − }} − * {{cite book − | last=Koza |first=John R. |year=1992 − | title=Genetic Programming (On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection) − | publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-11170-6 − | bibcode=1992gppc.book.....K }} − <!--* {{cite web − | last=Kleine-Cosack |first=Christian |date=October 2006 |format=PDF − | title= Recognition and Simulation of Emotions − | url= http://ls12-www.cs.tu-dortmund.de//~fink/lectures/SS06/human-robot-interaction/Emotion-RecognitionAndSimulation.pdf − | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528135730/http://ls12-www.cs.tu-dortmund.de/~fink/lectures/SS06/human-robot-interaction/Emotion-RecognitionAndSimulation.pdf |archivedate=28 May 2008 − }} − --> − * {{Cite journal − | first = G. | last=Kolata − | year=1982 − | title=How can computers get common sense? − | journal=Science | issue= 4566| pages=1237–1238 − | doi = 10.1126/science.217.4566.1237 − | volume = 217 |pmid=17837639 − | bibcode=1982Sci...217.1237K}} − * {{cite journal − | last1=Kumar | first1=Gulshan − | last2=Kumar | first2=Krishan − | title=The Use of Artificial-Intelligence-Based Ensembles for Intrusion Detection: A Review − | journal=Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing − | year=2012 − | volume=2012 − | pages=1–20 − | doi=10.1155/2012/850160 − | doi-access=free − }} − * {{cite book − | last=Kurzweil | first=Ray | author-link=Ray Kurzweil − | year=1999 − | title=The Age of Spiritual Machines − | publisher=Penguin Books − | isbn=978-0-670-88217-5 − | title-link=The Age of Spiritual Machines }} − * {{cite book − | last=Kurzweil | first=Ray | author-link=Ray Kurzweil − | year=2005 − | title=The Singularity is Near − | publisher=Penguin Books − | isbn=978-0-670-03384-3 − | title-link=The Singularity is Near }} − * {{cite book − | last1=Lakoff | first1=George | author-link=George Lakoff − | last2=Núñez | first2=Rafael E. | author2-link=Rafael E. Núñez| year=2000 − | title=Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being − | publisher=Basic Books − | isbn= 978-0-465-03771-1 − | title-link=Where Mathematics Comes From }} − * {{Cite journal − | last1=Langley |first1=Pat |year=2011 − | title=The changing science of machine learning − | journal=[[Machine Learning (journal)|Machine Learning]] − | volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=275–279 − | doi=10.1007/s10994-011-5242-y − |doi-access=free − }} − * {{cite techreport − | last=Law |first=Diane |date=June 1994 − | title=Searle, Subsymbolic Functionalism and Synthetic Intelligence − | institution=University of Texas at Austin |page=AI94-222 − | citeseerx=10.1.1.38.8384 − }} − * {{cite techreport − | last1=Legg |first1=Shane |last2=Hutter |first2=Marcus |date=15 June 2007 − | title=A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence − | institution=[[IDSIA]] |number=07-07 |arxiv=0706.3639 − |bibcode=2007arXiv0706.3639L}} − * {{cite book − | last1=Lenat | first1=Douglas | author-link=Douglas Lenat − | last2=Guha | first2=R. V. − | year = 1989 − | title = Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems − | publisher = Addison-Wesley − | isbn=978-0-201-51752-1 − }} − * {{Cite book − | last=Lighthill |first=James |author-link=James Lighthill |year=1973 − | contribution= Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey − | title=Artificial Intelligence: a paper symposium − | publisher=Science Research Council − }} − * {{cite book − |last = Lucas − |first = John − |author-link = John Lucas (philosopher) − |year = 1961 − |contribution = Minds, Machines and Gödel − |editor-last = Anderson − |editor-first = A.R. − |title = Minds and Machines − |url = http://users.ox.ac.uk/~jrlucas/Godel/mmg.html − |accessdate = 30 August 2007 − |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070819165214/http://users.ox.ac.uk/~jrlucas/Godel/mmg.html − |archive-date = 19 August 2007 − |url-status = live − }} − * {{cite journal − | last1=Lungarella |first1=M. |last2=Metta |first2=G. |last3=Pfeifer |first3=R. |last4=Sandini |first4=G. |year=2003 − | title=Developmental robotics: a survey − | journal=Connection Science |volume=15 | issue=4 |pages=151–190 |citeseerx=10.1.1.83.7615 | doi=10.1080/09540090310001655110 − | s2cid=1452734 }} − * {{cite web − |last=Maker − |first=Meg Houston − |year=2006 − |title=AI@50: AI Past, Present, Future − |location=Dartmouth College − |url=http://www.engagingexperience.com/2006/07/ai50_ai_past_pr.html − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103222615/http://www.engagingexperience.com/2006/07/ai50_ai_past_pr.html − |url-status=dead − |archive-date=3 January 2007 − |accessdate=16 October 2008 − }} − * {{cite news − |last=Markoff − |first=John − |date=16 February 2011<!-- corrected 24 February 2011--> − |title=Computer Wins on 'Jeopardy!': Trivial, It's Not − |work=The New York Times − |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/17/science/17jeopardy-watson.html − |accessdate=25 October 2014 − |archive-date=22 October 2014 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022023202/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/17/science/17jeopardy-watson.html − |url-status=live − }} − * {{cite web | last1 = McCarthy | first1 = John | author-link1 = John McCarthy (computer scientist) | last2 = Minsky | first2 = Marvin | author-link2 = Marvin Minsky | last3 = Rochester | first3 = Nathan | author-link3 = Nathan Rochester | last4 = Shannon | first4 = Claude | author-link4 = Claude Shannon | year = 1955 | title = A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence | url = http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/dartmouth/dartmouth.html | accessdate = 30 August 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070826230310/http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/dartmouth/dartmouth.html | archive-date = 26 August 2007 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}. − * {{cite journal | last1 = McCarthy | first1 = John | author-link = John McCarthy (computer scientist) | last2 = Hayes | first2 = P. J. | year = 1969 | title = Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence | journal = Machine Intelligence | volume = 4 | pages = 463–502 | url = http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/mcchay69.html | accessdate = 30 August 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070810233856/http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/mcchay69.html | archive-date = 10 August 2007 | url-status = live | citeseerx = 10.1.1.85.5082 }} − * {{cite web − |last = McCarthy − |first = John − |author-link = John McCarthy (computer scientist) − |title = What Is Artificial Intelligence? − |date = 12 November 2007 − |url = http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html − |url-status = dead − |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151118212402/http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html − |archive-date = 18 November 2015 − |df = dmy-all − }} − * {{cite book − |last = Minsky − |first = Marvin − |author-link = Marvin Minsky − |year = 1967 − |title = Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines − |url = https://archive.org/details/computationfinit0000mins − |url-access = registration − |publisher = Prentice-Hall − |location = Englewood Cliffs, N.J. − |isbn = 978-0-13-165449-5 − |access-date = 18 November 2019 − |archive-date = 26 July 2020 − |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200726131743/https://archive.org/details/computationfinit0000mins − |url-status = live − }} − * {{cite book − | last=Minsky | first=Marvin | author-link=Marvin Minsky − | year = 2006 − | title = The Emotion Machine − | publisher = Simon & Schusterl | location=New York, NY − | isbn=978-0-7432-7663-4 − | title-link=The Emotion Machine }} − * {{cite book − |last=Moravec − |first=Hans − |author-link=Hans Moravec − |year=1988 − |title=Mind Children − |url=https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora − |url-access=registration − |publisher=Harvard University Press − |isbn=978-0-674-57616-2 − |access-date=18 November 2019 − |archive-date=26 July 2020 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726131644/https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora − |url-status=live − }} − * {{cite web − | last=Norvig − | first=Peter − | author-link=Peter Norvig − | date=25 June 2012<!--page metadata, last modified--> − | title=On Chomsky and the Two Cultures of Statistical Learning − | publisher=Peter Norvig − | url=http://norvig.com/chomsky.html − | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019223259/http://norvig.com/chomsky.html − | archive-date=19 October 2014 − | url-status=live − }} − * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|NRC|1999}} − | author=NRC (United States National Research Council) | author-link=United States National Research Council − | year=1999 − | chapter=Developments in Artificial Intelligence − | title=Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research − | publisher=National Academy Press − }} − * {{cite book − | last=Needham | first=Joseph | author-link = Joseph Needham − | year=1986 − | title=Science and Civilization in China: Volume 2 − | publisher=Caves Books Ltd. − | title-link=Science and Civilization in China }} − * {{cite journal |last1=Newell |first1=Allen |author-link=Allen Newell |last2=Simon |first2=H. A. |author-link2=Herbert A. Simon |year=1976 |title=Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=19 |issue=3 |doi=10.1145/360018.360022 |pages=113–126 |doi-access=free }}. − * {{Cite journal − |last = Nilsson − |first = Nils − |author-link = Nils Nilsson (researcher) − |year = 1983 − |title = Artificial Intelligence Prepares for 2001 − |journal = AI Magazine − |volume = 1 − |number = 1 − |url = https://ai.stanford.edu/~nilsson/OnlinePubs-Nils/General%20Essays/AIMag04-04-002.pdf − |access-date = 22 August 2020 − |archive-date = 17 August 2020 − |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200817194457/http://ai.stanford.edu/~nilsson/OnlinePubs-Nils/General%20Essays/AIMag04-04-002.pdf − |url-status = live − }} Presidential Address to the [[Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence]]. − * {{cite book − | last1=O'Brien |first1=James |last2=Marakas |first2=George |year=2011 − | title=Management Information Systems |publisher=McGraw-Hill/Irwin |edition=10th − | isbn=978-0-07-337681-3 − }} − * {{cite journal − | last=O'Connor − | first=Kathleen Malone − | year=1994 − | title=The alchemical creation of life (takwin) and other concepts of Genesis in medieval Islam − | pages=1–435 − | publisher=University of Pennsylvania − | url=http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI9503804 − | access-date=27 August 2008 − | archive-date=5 December 2019 − | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205222650/https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI9503804/ − | url-status=live − }} − * {{cite journal | last=Oudeyer | first=P-Y. | year=2010 | title=On the impact of robotics in behavioral and cognitive sciences: from insect navigation to human cognitive development | journal=IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development | volume=2 | issue=1 | pages=2–16 | url=http://www.pyoudeyer.com/IEEETAMDOudeyer10.pdf | doi=10.1109/tamd.2009.2039057 | s2cid=6362217 | access-date=4 June 2013 | archive-date=3 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003202543/http://www.pyoudeyer.com/IEEETAMDOudeyer10.pdf | url-status=live }} − * {{cite book − | last=Penrose |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Penrose |year=1989 − | title=The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computer, Minds and The Laws of Physics − | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] − | isbn=978-0-19-851973-7 − }} − <!--* {{cite techreport − | last=Picard |first=Rosalind |author-link=Rosalind Picard |year=1995 − | title=Affective Computing |institution=MIT |number=321 − | url=http://affect.media.mit.edu/pdfs/95.picard.pdf − | laysource=Abstract |layurl=http://vismod.media.mit.edu/pub/tech-reports/TR-321-ABSTRACT.html − }} − -->* {{cite book |last1=Poli |first1=R. |last2=Langdon |first2=W. B. |last3=McPhee |first3=N. F. |year=2008 |title=A Field Guide to Genetic Programming |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4092-0073-4 |url=http://www.gp-field-guide.org.uk/ |via=gp-field-guide.org.uk |access-date=21 April 2008 |archive-date=8 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808114142/http://www.gp-field-guide.org.uk/ |url-status=live }} − * {{cite journal − |last=Rajani − |first=Sandeep − |year=2011 − |title=Artificial Intelligence – Man or Machine − |journal=International Journal of Information Technology and Knowledge Management − |volume=4 − |issue=1 − |pages=173–176 − |url=http://www.csjournals.com/IJITKM/PDF%204-1/35.Sandeep%20Rajani.pdf − |url-status=dead − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118095844/http://www.csjournals.com/IJITKM/PDF%204-1/35.Sandeep%20Rajani.pdf − |archive-date=18 January 2013 − }} − * Ronald, E. M. A. and Sipper, M. [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6G3tbmMcpR4TFdHSXNFWUtlNWc/view?usp=sharing Intelligence is not enough: On the socialization of talking machines, Minds and Machines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725014013/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6G3tbmMcpR4TFdHSXNFWUtlNWc/view?usp=sharing |date=25 July 2020 }}, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 567–576, November 2001. − * Ronald, E. M. A. and Sipper, M. [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6G3tbmMcpR4VnpOX0xxazFNbjA/view?usp=sharing What use is a Turing chatterbox?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725011555/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6G3tbmMcpR4VnpOX0xxazFNbjA/view?usp=sharing |date=25 July 2020 }}, Communications of the ACM, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 21–23, October 2000. − * {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEkqAAAAMAAJ|title=Science|date=August 1982|access-date=16 February 2016|archive-date=25 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725013414/https://books.google.com/books?id=PEkqAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live |ref={{Harvid|Science 1982}}}} − * {{Cite journal − |last=Searle − |first=John − |author-link=John Searle − |year=1980 − |title=Minds, Brains and Programs − |journal=Behavioral and Brain Sciences − |volume=3 − |issue=3 − |pages=417–457 − |doi=10.1017/S0140525X00005756 − |url=http://cogprints.org/7150/1/10.1.1.83.5248.pdf − |access-date=22 August 2020 − |archive-date=17 March 2019 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317230215/http://cogprints.org/7150/1/10.1.1.83.5248.pdf − |url-status=live − }} − * {{cite book − |last = Searle − |first = John − |author-link = John Searle − |year = 1999 − |title = Mind, language and society − |publisher = Basic Books − |location = New York, NY − |isbn = 978-0-465-04521-1 − |oclc = 231867665 − |url = https://archive.org/details/mindlanguagesoci00sear − |access-date = 22 August 2020 − |archive-date = 26 July 2020 − |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200726220615/https://archive.org/details/mindlanguagesoci00sear − |url-status = live − }} − * {{cite book − | last=Shapiro − | first=Stuart C. − | editor-first=Stuart C. − | editor-last=Shapiro − | year=1992 − | contribution=Artificial Intelligence − | title=Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence − | edition=2nd − | pages=54–57 − | url=http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~shapiro/Papers/ai.pdf − | publisher=John Wiley − | location=New York − | isbn=978-0-471-50306-4 − | access-date=29 May 2009 − | archive-date=1 February 2016 − | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201014644/http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~shapiro/Papers/ai.pdf − | url-status=live − }} − * {{cite book − |last = Simon − |first = H. A. − |author-link = Herbert A. Simon − |year = 1965 − |title = The Shape of Automation for Men and Management − |url = https://archive.org/details/shapeofautomatio00simo − |url-access = registration − |publisher = Harper & Row − |location = New York − |access-date = 18 November 2019 − |archive-date = 26 July 2020 − |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200726131655/https://archive.org/details/shapeofautomatio00simo − |url-status = live − }} − * {{cite web − | last=Skillings − | first=Jonathan − | url=http://news.cnet.com/Getting-machines-to-think-like-us/2008-11394_3-6090207.html − | title=Getting Machines to Think Like Us − | work=cnet − | date=3 July 2006 − | accessdate=3 February 2011 − | archive-date=16 November 2011 − | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116104349/http://news.cnet.com/Getting-machines-to-think-like-us/2008-11394_3-6090207.html − | url-status=live − }} − * {{cite conference − |last=Solomonoff − |first=Ray − |author-link=Ray Solomonoff − |year=1956 − |title=An Inductive Inference Machine − |conference=Dartmouth Summer Research Conference on Artificial Intelligence − |url=http://world.std.com/~rjs/indinf56.pdf − |via=std.com, pdf scanned copy of the original − |access-date=22 March 2011 − |archive-date=26 April 2011 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426161749/http://world.std.com/~rjs/indinf56.pdf − |url-status=live − }} Later published as<br />{{cite book − | last=Solomonoff |first=Ray |year=1957 |pages=56–62 − | chapter=An Inductive Inference Machine − | title=IRE Convention Record |volume=Section on Information Theory, part 2 − }} − * {{cite conference − | last1=Tao |first1=Jianhua |first2=Tieniu |last2=Tan |year=2005 − | conference=Affective Computing: A Review − | book-title=Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction |volume=[[LNCS]] 3784 |pages=981–995 − |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/11573548 − }} − * {{cite journal − | last=Tecuci |first=Gheorghe |date=March–April 2012 − | title=Artificial Intelligence − | journal=Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics − | volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=168–180 |doi=10.1002/wics.200 − }} − * {{cite book − |last=Thro − |first=Ellen − |year=1993 − |title=Robotics: The Marriage of Computers and Machines − |location=New York − |publisher=Facts on File − |isbn=978-0-8160-2628-9 − |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780816026289 − |access-date=22 August 2020 − |archive-date=26 July 2020 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726131505/https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780816026289 − |url-status=live − }} − * {{Turing 1950}}. − * {{cite web − |last1=van der Walt − |first1=Christiaan − |last2=Bernard − |first2=Etienne − |year=2006 − |title=Data characteristics that determine classifier performance − |url=http://www.patternrecognition.co.za/publications/cvdwalt_data_characteristics_classifiers.pdf − |accessdate=5 August 2009 − |url-status=dead − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325194051/http://www.patternrecognition.co.za/publications/cvdwalt_data_characteristics_classifiers.pdf − |archive-date=25 March 2009 − }} − * {{cite journal − | last=Vinge − | first=Vernor − | author-link=Vernor Vinge − | year=1993 − | title=The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era − | journal=Vision 21: Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in the Era of Cyberspace − | pages=11 − | url=http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/vinge/misc/singularity.html − | bibcode=1993vise.nasa...11V − | access-date=14 November 2011 − | archive-date=1 January 2007 − | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101133646/http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/vinge/misc/singularity.html − | url-status=dead − }} − * {{cite book − | last1=Wason − | first1=P. C. − | author-link=Peter Cathcart Wason − | last2=Shapiro − | first2=D. − | editor=Foss, B. M. − | year=1966 − | title=New horizons in psychology − | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/newhorizonsinpsy0000foss − | chapter-url-access=registration − | location=Harmondsworth − | publisher=Penguin − | chapter=Reasoning − | access-date=18 November 2019 − | archive-date=26 July 2020 − | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726131518/https://archive.org/details/newhorizonsinpsy0000foss − | url-status=live − }} − * {{cite book − | last=Weizenbaum | first = Joseph | author-link=Joseph Weizenbaum − | year = 1976 − | title = Computer Power and Human Reason − | publisher = W.H. Freeman & Company | location = San Francisco − | isbn = 978-0-7167-0464-5 − | title-link=Computer Power and Human Reason }} − * {{cite journal |last1=Weng |first1=J. |last2=McClelland |last3=Pentland |first3=A. |last4=Sporns |first4=O. |last5=Stockman |first5=I. |last6=Sur |first6=M. |last7=Thelen |first7=E. |year=2001 |url=http://www.cse.msu.edu/dl/SciencePaper.pdf |via=msu.edu |doi=10.1126/science.291.5504.599 |pmid=11229402 |title=Autonomous mental development by robots and animals |journal=Science |volume=291 |issue=5504 |pages=599–600 |s2cid=54131797 |access-date=4 June 2013 |archive-date=4 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904235242/http://www.cse.msu.edu/dl/SciencePaper.pdf |url-status=live }} − * {{cite web − |url=http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node3.html − |title=Applications of AI − |website=www-formal.stanford.edu − |access-date=25 September 2016 − |archive-date=28 August 2016 − |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828193935/http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node3.html − |url-status=live
→Other sources
| publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York
| publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York
| isbn=978-0-521-12293-1
| isbn=978-0-521-12293-1
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}