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技术奇点Technological singularity——简称 奇点 Singularity <ref>Cadwalladr, Carole (2014). "[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/22/robots-google-ray-kurzweil-terminator-singularity-artificial-intelligence Are the robots about to rise? Google's new director of engineering thinks so…]" ''The Guardian''. Guardian News and Media Limited.</ref>是一个假设的时间点。在该时间点上，技术增长变得不可控制和不可逆转，从而导致人类文明发生无法预见的变化。<ref>{{cite web |title=Collection of sources defining "singularity" |url=http://www.singularitysymposium.com/definition-of-singularity.html |website=singularitysymposium.com |accessdate=17 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="Singularity hypotheses">{{cite book |author1=Eden, Amnon H. |author2=Moor, James H. |title=Singularity hypotheses: A Scientific and Philosophical Assessment |date=2012 |publisher=Springer |location=Dordrecht |isbn=9783642325601 |pages=1–2}}</ref>根据奇点假说（也被称为智能爆炸 intelligence explosion）最流行的版本：一个可升级的智能体终将进入一种自我完善循环的“失控反应 runaway reaction”。每个新的、更智能的世代将出现得越来越快，导致智能的“爆炸”，并产生一种在实质上远超所有人类智能的超级智能。

技术奇点Technological singularity——简称 奇点 Singularity <ref>Cadwalladr, Carole (2014). "[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/22/robots-google-ray-kurzweil-terminator-singularity-artificial-intelligence Are the robots about to rise? Google's new director of engineering thinks so…]" ''The Guardian''. Guardian News and Media Limited.</ref>是一个假设的时间点。在该时间点上，技术的增长变得不可控制和不可逆转，从而导致人类文明发生无法预见的变化。<ref>{{cite web |title=Collection of sources defining "singularity" |url=http://www.singularitysymposium.com/definition-of-singularity.html |website=singularitysymposium.com |accessdate=17 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="Singularity hypotheses">{{cite book |author1=Eden, Amnon H. |author2=Moor, James H. |title=Singularity hypotheses: A Scientific and Philosophical Assessment |date=2012 |publisher=Springer |location=Dordrecht |isbn=9783642325601 |pages=1–2}}</ref>根据奇点假说（也被称为智能爆炸 intelligence explosion）最流行的版本：一个可升级的智能体终将进入一种自我完善循环的“失控反应 runaway reaction”。每个新的、更智能的世代将出现得越来越快，导致智能的“爆炸”，并产生一种在实质上远超所有人类智能的超级智能。

The first use of the concept of a "singularity" in the technological context was [[John von Neumann]].<ref>''The Technological Singularity'' by Murray Shanahan, (MIT Press, 2015), page 233</ref> [[Stanislaw Ulam]] reports a discussion with von Neumann "centered on the [[Accelerating change|accelerating progress]] of technology and changes in the mode of human life, which gives the appearance of approaching some essential [[Wiktionary:singularity|singularity]] in the history of the race beyond which human affairs, as we know them, could not continue".<ref name="mathematical" /> Subsequent authors have echoed this viewpoint.<ref name="Singularity hypotheses" /><ref name="chalmers">{{Cite journal|last=Chalmers|first=David|date=2010|title=The singularity: a philosophical analysis|url=|journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies|volume=17|issue=9–10|pages=7–65|via=}}</ref>

The first use of the concept of a "singularity" in the technological context was [[John von Neumann]].<ref>''The Technological Singularity'' by Murray Shanahan, (MIT Press, 2015), page 233</ref> [[Stanislaw Ulam]] reports a discussion with von Neumann "centered on the [[Accelerating change|accelerating progress]] of technology and changes in the mode of human life, which gives the appearance of approaching some essential [[Wiktionary:singularity|singularity]] in the history of the race beyond which human affairs, as we know them, could not continue".<ref name="mathematical" /> Subsequent authors have echoed this viewpoint.<ref name="Singularity hypotheses" /><ref name="chalmers">{{Cite journal|last=Chalmers|first=David|date=2010|title=The singularity: a philosophical analysis|url=|journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies|volume=17|issue=9–10|pages=7–65|via=}}</ref>

第一次在科技领域使用“奇点”这一概念的是冯·诺依曼 John von Neumann<ref>''The Technological Singularity'' by Murray Shanahan, (MIT Press, 2015), page 233</ref>。Stanislaw Ulam 报告了一次与冯·诺依曼的讨论。“围绕技术的加速进步和人类生活模式的改变，这让我们看到了人类历史上一些本质上的奇点。<ref name="mathematical" /> 一旦超越了这些奇点，我们所熟知的人类事务就无法继续下去了”。后来作者也赞同这一观点。<ref name="Singularity hypotheses" /><ref name="chalmers">{{Cite journal|last=Chalmers|first=David|date=2010|title=The singularity: a philosophical analysis|url=|journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies|volume=17|issue=9–10|pages=7–65|via=}}</ref>

 

第一次在科技领域使用“奇点”这一概念的人是冯·诺依曼 John von Neumann<ref>''The Technological Singularity'' by Murray Shanahan, (MIT Press, 2015), page 233</ref>。Stanislaw Ulam 报告了一次与冯·诺依曼的讨论。“围绕技术的加速进步和人类生活模式的改变，这让我们看到了人类历史上一些本质上的奇点。<ref name="mathematical" /> 一旦超越了这些奇点，我们所熟知的人类事务就无法继续下去了”。后来作者也赞同这一观点。<ref name="Singularity hypotheses" /><ref name="chalmers">{{Cite journal|last=Chalmers|first=David|date=2010|title=The singularity: a philosophical analysis|url=|journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies|volume=17|issue=9–10|pages=7–65|via=}}</ref>

[[I. J. Good]]'s "intelligence explosion" model predicts that a future superintelligence will trigger a singularity.<ref name="vinge1993">Vinge, Vernor. [http://mindstalk.net/vinge/vinge-sing.html "The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era"], in ''Vision-21: Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in the Era of Cyberspace'', G. A. Landis, ed., NASA Publication CP-10129, pp. 11–22, 1993.</ref>

[[I. J. Good]]'s "intelligence explosion" model predicts that a future superintelligence will trigger a singularity.<ref name="vinge1993">Vinge, Vernor. [http://mindstalk.net/vinge/vinge-sing.html "The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era"], in ''Vision-21: Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in the Era of Cyberspace'', G. A. Landis, ed., NASA Publication CP-10129, pp. 11–22, 1993.</ref>

[[File:Major Evolutionary Transitions digital.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Schematic Timeline of Information and Replicators in the Biosphere: Gillings et al.'s "[[The Major Transitions in Evolution|major evolutionary transitions]]" in information processing.<ref name="InfoBiosphere2016" />|链接=Special:FilePath/Major_Evolutionary_Transitions_digital.jpg]]

[[File:Major Evolutionary Transitions digital.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Schematic Timeline of Information and Replicators in the Biosphere: Gillings et al.'s "[[The Major Transitions in Evolution|major evolutionary transitions]]" in information processing.<ref name="InfoBiosphere2016" />|链接=Special:FilePath/Major_Evolutionary_Transitions_digital.jpg]]

[[档案：主要进化过渡数字.jpg|thumb |直立=1.6 |生物圈中信息和复制因子的示意时间线：Gillings等人在信息处理中的“[[进化中的主要转变|主要进化转变]]”。<ref name="InfoBiosphere2016" />]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]]

[[档案：主要进化过渡数字.jpg|thumb |直立=1.6 |生物圈中信息和复制因子的示意时间线：Gillings等人在信息处理中的“[[进化中的主要转变|主要进化转变]]”。<ref name="InfoBiosphere2016" />]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-99|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[99]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]]

[[File:Biological vs. digital information.jpg|thumb|Amount of digital information worldwide (5{{e|21}} bytes) versus human genome information worldwide (10¹⁹ bytes) in 2014.<ref name="InfoBiosphere2016" />|链接=Special:FilePath/Biological_vs._digital_information.jpg]]

[[File:Biological vs. digital information.jpg|thumb|Amount of digital information worldwide (5{{e|21}} bytes) versus human genome information worldwide (10¹⁹ bytes) in 2014.<ref name="InfoBiosphere2016" />|链接=Special:FilePath/Biological_vs._digital_information.jpg]]

[[档案：生物vs。数字信息.jpg|2014年，全球数字信息总量（5{e | 21}字节）与全球人类基因组信息（10¹⁹字节）的对比。<ref name="InfoBiosphere2016" />]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]]

[[档案：生物vs。数字信息.jpg|2014年，全球数字信息总量（5{e | 21}字节）与全球人类基因组信息（10¹⁹字节）的对比。<ref name="InfoBiosphere2016" />]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-99|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[99]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]][[Index.php?title=技术奇点#cite%20note-InfoBiosphere2016-89|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[89]</span>]]

While the technological singularity is usually seen as a sudden event, some scholars argue the current speed of change already fits this description.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

While the technological singularity is usually seen as a sudden event, some scholars argue the current speed of change already fits this description.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}