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第86行： − The following standard approaches are now widely accepted: − * Hand-written regular expressions (or nested group of regular expressions) − * Using classifiers − ** Generative: [[naïve Bayes classifier]] − ** Discriminative: [[Principle of maximum entropy#Maximum entropy models|maximum entropy models]] such as [[Multinomial logistic regression]] − * Sequence models − ** [[Recurrent neural network]] − ** [[Hidden Markov model]] − ** Conditional Markov model (CMM) / [[Maximum-entropy Markov model]] (MEMM) − ** [[Conditional random field]]s (CRF) are commonly used in conjunction with IE for tasks as varied as extracting information from research papers<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.ipm.2005.09.002 | title = Information extraction from research papers using conditional random fields☆ | year = 2006 | last1 = Peng | first1 = F. | last2 = McCallum | first2 = A. | journal = Information Processing & Management | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 963}}</ref> to extracting navigation instructions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Extracting Frame-based Knowledge Representation from Route Instructions|last1=Shimizu|first1=Nobuyuki|last2=Hass|first2=Andrew|url=http://www.cs.albany.edu/~shimizu/shimizu+haas2006frame.pdf|year=2006|access-date=2010-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901085639/http://www.cs.albany.edu/~shimizu/shimizu+haas2006frame.pdf|archive-date=2006-09-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> − 第107行：
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→方法
==方法==
==方法==
下面的标准方法现在已经被广泛接受：
下面的标准方法现在已经被广泛接受：
** 隐[[马尔可夫模型]]
** 隐[[马尔可夫模型]]
** 条件马尔可夫模型（CMM）/最大熵马尔可夫模型（MEMM）
** 条件马尔可夫模型（CMM）/最大熵马尔可夫模型（MEMM）
*** 条件随机场（CRF）通常与 IE 结合使用，用于从研究论文中提取信息以提取导航指令等各种任务。
*** 条件随机场（CRF）通常与 IE 结合使用，用于从研究论文<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.ipm.2005.09.002 | title = Information extraction from research papers using conditional random fields☆ | year = 2006 | last1 = Peng | first1 = F. | last2 = McCallum | first2 = A. | journal = Information Processing & Management | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 963}}</ref>中提取信息以提取导航指令等各种任务。<ref>{{cite web|title=Extracting Frame-based Knowledge Representation from Route Instructions|last1=Shimizu|first1=Nobuyuki|last2=Hass|first2=Andrew|url=http://www.cs.albany.edu/~shimizu/shimizu+haas2006frame.pdf|year=2006|access-date=2010-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901085639/http://www.cs.albany.edu/~shimizu/shimizu+haas2006frame.pdf|archive-date=2006-09-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>
IE 还有许多其他方法，包括混合方法，它们结合了以前列出的一些标准方法。
IE 还有许多其他方法，包括混合方法，它们结合了以前列出的一些标准方法。
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==开源资源与服务==
==开源资源与服务==