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{{cite journal | author =Per Bak, and Maya Paczuski | year = 1995 | title = Complexity, contingency, and criticality | journal =Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 92 | pages = 6689–6696 | pmid = 11607561 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.92.15.6689 | issue = 15 | pmc = 41396|bibcode = 1995PNAS...92.6689B }}</ref>它的概念已经被应用于各个领域，比如地球物理学，<ref name=SmalleyTurcotteSolla85>{{cite journal|author1=Smalley, R. F., Jr. |author2=Turcotte, D. L. |author3=Solla, S. A. | year = 1985| title = A renormalization group approach to the stick-slip behavior of faults
{{cite journal | author =Per Bak, and Maya Paczuski | year = 1995 | title = Complexity, contingency, and criticality | journal =Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 92 | pages = 6689–6696 | pmid = 11607561 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.92.15.6689 | issue = 15 | pmc = 41396|bibcode = 1995PNAS...92.6689B }}</ref>它的概念已经被应用于各个领域，比如地球物理学，<ref name=SmalleyTurcotteSolla85>{{cite journal|author1=Smalley, R. F., Jr. |author2=Turcotte, D. L. |author3=Solla, S. A. | year = 1985| title = A renormalization group approach to the stick-slip behavior of faults
| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research| bibcode = 1985JGR....90.1894S| doi = 10.1029/JB090iB02p01894| volume = 90 | issue = B2| pages = 1894|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/6776d17957204c198e278bda98c935ab1cf8f22b }}</ref> 物理宇宙学，进化生物学和生态学，生物启发计算和优化(数学) ，经济学，量子引力，社会学，太阳物理学，等离子物理学，神经生物学等。<ref name=LinkenkaerHansen2001>
| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research| bibcode = 1985JGR....90.1894S| doi = 10.1029/JB090iB02p01894| volume = 90 | issue = B2| pages = 1894|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/6776d17957204c198e278bda98c935ab1cf8f22b }}</ref> 物理宇宙学，进化生物学和生态学，生物启发计算和优化(数学) ，经济学，量子引力，社会学，太阳物理学，等离子物理学，神经生物学等。<ref name=LinkenkaerHansen2001>
{{cite journal |author1=K. Linkenkaer-Hansen |author2=V. V. Nikouline |author3=J. M. Palva |author4=R. J. Ilmoniemi. | year = 2001 | title = Long-Range Temporal Correlations and Scaling Behavior in Human Brain Oscillations | journal = J. Neurosci. | volume = 21 | pages = 1370–1377 | pmid = 11160408 | issue = 4|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-04-01370.2001 |pmc=6762238 }}</ref><ref name=Beggs2003>{{cite journal |author1=J. M. Beggs |author2=D. Plenz |name-list-style=amp | year = 2006 | title = Neuronal Avalanches in Neocortical Circuits | journal = J. Neurosci. | volume = 23|issue=35 |pages=11167–77 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-35-11167.2003 |pmid=14657176 |pmc=6741045
{{cite journal |author1=K. Linkenkaer-Hansen |author2=V. V. Nikouline |author3=J. M. Palva |author4=R. J. Ilmoniemi. | year = 2001 | title = Long-Range Temporal Correlations and Scaling Behavior in Human Brain Oscillations | journal = J. Neurosci. | volume = 21 | pages = 1370–1377 | pmid = 11160408 | issue = 4|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-04-01370.2001 |pmc=6762238 }}</ref><ref name=Beggs2003>{{cite journal |author1=J. M. Beggs |author2=D. Plenz | year = 2006 | title = Neuronal Avalanches in Neocortical Circuits | journal = J. Neurosci. | volume = 23|issue=35 |pages=11167–77 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-35-11167.2003 |pmid=14657176 |pmc=6741045
}}</ref><ref name=Chialvo2004>{{cite journal | author =Chialvo, D. R. | year = 2004 | title = Critical brain networks | journal = Physica A | volume = 340 | issue =4 | pages = 756–765 | doi = 10.1016/j.physa.2004.05.064
}}</ref><ref name=Chialvo2004>{{cite journal | author =Chialvo, D. R. | year = 2004 | title = Critical brain networks | journal = Physica A | volume = 340 | issue =4 | pages = 756–765 | doi = 10.1016/j.physa.2004.05.064
|arxiv = cond-mat/0402538 |bibcode = 2004PhyA..340..756R | author-link = Dante R. Chialvo }}</ref>'''SOC'''通常在多自由度、强非线性动力学的缓慢驱动非平衡系统中被观察到。自从 BTW 的原始论文以来，已经确定了许多单独的例子，但是到目前为止还没有一组已知的一般特征来保证一个系统将显示 SOC。
|arxiv = cond-mat/0402538 |bibcode = 2004PhyA..340..756R | author-link = Dante R. Chialvo }}</ref>'''SOC'''通常在多自由度、强非线性动力学的缓慢驱动非平衡系统中被观察到。自从 BTW 的原始论文以来，已经确定了许多单独的例子，但是到目前为止还没有一组已知的一般特征来保证一个系统将显示 SOC。