# 改变差距的行动或效果的'''效价 valence''',基于它对接受者或观察者是否具有快乐(积极)或不快乐(消极)的情感内涵。<ref name=herold1977>Herold, David M., and Martin M. Greller. "Research Notes. FEEDBACK THE DEFINITION OF A CONSTRUCT." Academy of management Journal 20.1 (1977): 142-147.</ref> | # 改变差距的行动或效果的'''效价 valence''',基于它对接受者或观察者是否具有快乐(积极)或不快乐(消极)的情感内涵。<ref name=herold1977>Herold, David M., and Martin M. Greller. "Research Notes. FEEDBACK THE DEFINITION OF A CONSTRUCT." Academy of management Journal 20.1 (1977): 142-147.</ref> |