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第1,026行： − + − − + − + − − | last=Brown | first=Philip − − − − 第一个菲利普 − − + − | last2=Lauder | first2=Hugh − − 2 Lauder | first2 Hugh − − − − | year=2000 − − 2000年 − − | chapter=Collective intelligence − − − 集体智慧 − − |editor=S. Baron |editor2=J. Field |editor3=T Schuller − − |editor=S. Baron |editor2=J. Field |editor3=T Schuller − − 编辑 s。男爵 | 编辑。3 t Schuller − − | title=Social Capital: Critical Perspectives − − | title=Social Capital: Critical Perspectives − − 社会资本: 批判的视角 − − | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=New York |url=https://books.google.com/?id=nvivgiFfPr0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage − − | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=New York |url=https://books.google.com/?id=nvivgiFfPr0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage − − 2012年10月15日，纽约，牛津 https://books.google.com/?id=nvivgiffpr0c&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage 出版社 − − | isbn=9780191583247 }} − − | isbn=9780191583247 }} − − 9780191583247} − − * {{cite book | ref=harv − − | last=Brown | first=Philip − − | last=Brown | first=Philip − − 第一个菲利普 − − | last2=Lauder | first2=Hugh − − | last2=Lauder | first2=Hugh − − 2 Lauder | first2 Hugh − − | year=2001 − − | year=2001 − − 2001年 − − | chapter=Collective intelligence (chapter 13) − − | chapter=Collective intelligence (chapter 13) − − | 第十三章集体智慧 − − − |editor=Brown |editor2=Lauder − − 2 Lauder − − − | title=Capitalism and social progress: the future of society in a global economy − − | 题目: 资本主义和社会进步: 全球经济中社会的未来 − − | publisher=Palgrave − − + − | 出版商 Palgrave − − − − | url=https://books.google.com/?id=rF8YDAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage − − Https://books.google.com/?id=rf8ydaaaqbaj&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage − − | isbn=9780333985380 }} − − − 9780333985380} − − − − | last=Fadul | first=Jose A. − − 最后一个法杜尔 | 第一个何塞 a。 − − − | year=2009 − − 2009年 − − − | title=Collective Learning: Applying Distributed Cognition for Collective Intelligence − − 集体学习: 应用分布式认知促进集体智慧 − − − | journal=The International Journal of Learning − − 国际学习期刊 − − | volume = 16 − − − 第16卷 − − | issue = 4 − − − 第四期 − − − | pages= 211–220 − − 第211-220页 − − | doi=10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v16i04/46223 − − − | doi 10.18848 / 1447-9494 / cgp / v16i04 / 46223 − − }} − − + − }}+ − − − − − − | last = Fladerer | first=Johannes-Paul − − − | 最后一个花匠 | 第一个约翰内斯-保罗 − − | year=2019 − − − 2019年 − − − |title=The Wisdom of the Many: How to create Self-Organisation and how to use Collective Intelligence in Companies and in Society From Management to ManagemANT − − | 题目: 多人的智慧: 如何建立自我组织，以及如何在公司和社会中运用集体智慧，从管理到管理 − − | publisher=BoD − − − | 出版商 BoD − − | location=Norderstedt − − − | 位置 Norderstedt − − | isbn =978-3750422421 − − − 978-3750422421 − − }} − − + − }} − − − − | last=Flew | first=Terry − − | last=Flew | first=Terry − − 最后一次飞行 | 第一次特里 − − | year= 2008 − − | year= 2008 − − 2008年 − − | title=New Media: an introduction − − | title=New Media: an introduction − − | 标题新媒体: 介绍 − − | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=Melbourne − − | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=Melbourne − − 牛津大学出版社 | 位置: 墨尔本 − − }} − − }} − − }} − − * {{cite book | ref=harv − − − | last=Hamann | first=Heiko − − 最后的哈曼 | 第一个海科 − − − | year=2018 − − 2018年 − − | title=Swarm Robotics: A Formal Approach − − + − 标题: 群机器人: 一种正式的方法+ − − − − | publisher=Springer | location=New York − − | 出版商 Springer | 位置: 纽约 − − − − | url=https://books.google.com/?id=pnNLDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=snippet&q=%22collective%20intelligence%22&f=false − − Https://books.google.com/?id=pnnldwaaqbaj&printsec=frontcover#v=snippet&q=%22collective%20intelligence%22&f=false − − | isbn=9783319745282 }} − − + − 9783319745282} − − − − − | last=Hofstadter | first=Douglas − − 最后的侯世达 | 第一个道格拉斯 − − + − | author-link=Douglas Hofstadter − − | 作者链接侯世达 − − − − | year=1979 − − 1979年 − − + − | title=Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid + − − 巴赫: 永恒的金色辫子 − − − − | publisher=Basic Books | location=New York − − | 出版商 Basic Books | 位置: 纽约 − − + − }}+ − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − | last=Por | first=George+ − + + + + + + + + − − 乔治 − − | year=1995 − − − 1995年 − − + − | chapter= The Quest for Collective intelligence − − 寻求集体智慧 − − − − | editor=K. Gozdz − − 编辑 k。Gozdz − − − | title=Community Building: Renewing Spirit and Learning in Business − − 社区建设: 在商业中更新精神和学习 − − − | publisher=New Leaders Press | location=San Francisco − − 出版商 New Leaders 出版社旧金山 − − + − }} − − }} − − − − − | last=Rheingold | first=Howard − − 最后的莱茵戈尔德 | 第一个霍华德 − − | author-link=Howard Rheingold − − + − | 作者链接霍华德·莱茵戈德 − − | year=2002 − − − − 2002年 − − | title=Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution − − + − 聪明的暴徒: 下一场社会革命 − − − − | publisher=Basic Books − − | 出版商 Basic Books − − + − | title-link=Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution }}+ − + − | 标题链接聪明的暴徒: 下一场社会革命} − − − − − − − − 第一个太阳 − − | year=1979 − − | year=1979 − − 1979年 − − − | title=Cognition and Multi-Agent Interaction − − 认知与多智能体交互 − − + − | publisher=Cambridge University Press+ − + − 出版商剑桥大学出版社+ − + − }} − − − − }} − − − − − − | last=Riedl | first=Christoph − − − − 克里斯多夫 − − | last2=Blohm | first2=Ivo − − − 2 Blohm | first2 Ivo − − | last3=Leimeister | first3=Jan Marco − − − 3 Leimeister | first3 Jan Marco − − − | last4=Krcmar | first4=Helmut − − 4 Krcmar | first4 Helmut − − | year=2010 − − + − 2010年+ − + − − − | title=Rating Scales for Collective Intelligence in Innovation Communities: Why Quick and Easy Decision Making Does Not Get It Right | url=http://home.in.tum.de/~riedlc/res/RiedlEtAl2010-ICIS.pdf − − 为什么快速简单的决策没有得到正确的 http://home.in.tum.de/~riedlc/res/riedletal2010-icis.pdf − − }} − − + − }} − − * {{cite journal − − | ref=harv − − | ref=harv − − 不会有事的 − − | last=Leimeister − − | last=Leimeister − − 最后的莱梅斯特 − − | first=Jan Marco − − | first=Jan Marco − − 作者: Jan Marco − − | year=2010 − − | year=2010 − − 2010年 − − | title=Intelligence − − | title=Intelligence − − | 题目: 情报 − − | url=http://aisel.aisnet.org/bise/vol2/iss4/6/ − − | url=http://aisel.aisnet.org/bise/vol2/iss4/6/ − − Http://aisel.aisnet.org/bise/vol2/iss4/6/ − − | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726084723/http://aisel.aisnet.org/bise/vol2/iss4/6/ − − | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726084723/http://aisel.aisnet.org/bise/vol2/iss4/6/ − − | 档案-网址 https://web.archive.org/web/20110726084723/http://aisel.aisnet.org/bise/vol2/iss4/6/ − − | url-status=live − − | url-status=live − − 状态直播 − − | archive-date=2011-07-26 − − | archive-date=2011-07-26 − − | 档案-日期2011-07-26 − − }} − − }} − − }} − − * {{cite book | ref=harv | last=Roy Chowdhury | first=Soudip | last2=Rodriguez | first2=Carlos | last3=Daniel | first3=Florian | last4=Casati | first4=Fabio | year=2010 | title=Wisdom-aware computing: on the interactive recommendation of composition knowledge | pages=[https://archive.org/details/serviceorientedc0000maxi/page/144 144–155] | url=https://archive.org/details/serviceorientedc0000maxi/page/144 | isbn=9783642193934 | series=Icsoc'10 }} − − * Stephen R. Diasio, Nuria Agell, "The evolution of expertise in decision support technologies: A challenge for organizations," cscwd, pp. 692–697, 2009 13th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20121009235747/http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/CSCWD.2009.4968139 − − * {{cite book|title=Uses and Abuses of Intelligence|editor1-first=Jean|editor1-last=Raven |year=2008|publisher=Royal Fireworks Press|location=Unionville (NY)|isbn=978-0-89824-356-7|lay-url=http://www.rfwp.com/3567.htm|laydate=6 July 2010|ref=harv}} − − * Kaiser, C., Kröckel, J., Bodendorf, F. (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120121230742/http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/HICSS.2010.356 Swarm Intelligence for Analyzing Opinions in Online Communities]. Proceedings of the 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 1–9. − − − − | last=Radakov | first=Dmitriĭ Viktorovich − − − | last=Radakov | first=Dmitriĭ Viktorovich − − | year=1973 − − + − 1973年 − − − − |editor=J. Wiley − − 编辑 j。威利 − − | title=Schooling in the ecology of fish − − − | 题目: 鱼类生态中的群落现象 − − }} − − }} − − + + + + − −
→Bibliography 参考书籍
== Bibliography 参考书籍==
==参考书籍==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book | ref=harv
| last1=Brown | first1=Philip
| last=Brown | first=Philip
| last2=Lauder | first2=Hugh
| last2=Lauder | first2=Hugh
| year=2001
| year=2000
| chapter=Collective intelligence
| chapter=Collective intelligence
|editor=Brown |editor2=Lauder
|editor=Brown |editor2=Lauder
| title=Capitalism and social progress: the future of society in a global economy
| title=Capitalism and social progress: the future of society in a global economy
| publisher=Palgrave
| publisher=Palgrave
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8YDAAAQBAJ
| url=https://books.google.com/?id=rF8YDAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage
| isbn=9780333985380 }}
| isbn=9780333985380 }}
* {{cite journal
* {{cite journal
| last=Fadul | first=Jose A.
| last=Fadul | first=Jose A.
| year=2009
| year=2009
| title=Collective Learning: Applying Distributed Cognition for Collective Intelligence
| title=Collective Learning: Applying Distributed Cognition for Collective Intelligence
| journal=The International Journal of Learning
| journal=The International Journal of Learning
| volume = 16
| volume = 16
| issue = 4
| issue = 4
| pages= 211–220
| pages= 211–220
| doi=10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v16i04/46223
| doi=10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v16i04/46223
}}
}}
* {{cite web |title=The World Factbook |date=2008 |publisher=CIA |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ |access-date=2008-09-03}}
* {{cite book
* CIA. (2008). [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html ''The World Factbook'']. (accessed 3 September 2008)
* {{cite book | ref=harv
| last = Fladerer | first=Johannes-Paul
| last = Fladerer | first=Johannes-Paul
| year=2019
| year=2019
|title=The Wisdom of the Many: How to create Self-Organisation and how to use Collective Intelligence in Companies and in Society From Management to ManagemANT
|title=The Wisdom of the Many: How to create Self-Organisation and how to use Collective Intelligence in Companies and in Society From Management to ManagemANT
| publisher=BoD
| publisher=BoD
| location=Norderstedt
| location=Norderstedt
| isbn =978-3750422421
| isbn =978-3750422421
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book | ref=harv
| last=Hamann | first=Heiko
| last=Hamann | first=Heiko
| year=2018
| year=2018
| title=Swarm Robotics: A Formal Approach
| title=Swarm Robotics: A Formal Approach
| publisher=Springer
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pnNLDwAAQBAJ
| publisher=Springer | location=New York
| url=https://books.google.com/?id=pnNLDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=snippet&q=%22collective%20intelligence%22&f=false
| isbn=9783319745282 }}
| isbn=9783319745282 }}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book | ref=harv
| last=Hofstadter | first=Douglas
| last=Hofstadter | first=Douglas
| author-link=Douglas Hofstadter
| author-link=Douglas Hofstadter
| year=1979 |title-link=Gödel, Escher, Bach
| year=1979
| title=Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid
| title=Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid
| publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0-465-02656-2
| publisher=Basic Books | location=New York
}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| last=Leimeister
| first=Jan Marco
}}
| year=2010
| title=Intelligence
* Leiner, Barry, Cerf, Vinton, Clark, David, Kahn, Robert, Kleinrock, Leonard, Lynch, Daniel, Postel, Jon, Roberts, Larry and Wolff, Stephen. 2003. [http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml ''A Brief History of the Internet'']. Version 3.32 (accessed 3 September 2008)
|volume=2
|issue=4
* Noubel, Jean-François; (2004, rev. 2007), "[http://publishing.yudu.com/Library/Arswi/CollectiveIntelligen/resources/index.htm?skipFlashCheck=true Collective Intelligence: the Invisible Revolution]"
|pages=245–8
|journal=Business & Information Systems Engineering
* {{cite book | ref=harv
| doi=10.1007/s12599-010-0114-8
| s2cid=7575575
| url=http://aisel.aisnet.org/bise/vol2/iss4/6/
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726084723/http://aisel.aisnet.org/bise/vol2/iss4/6/
| url-status=live
| archive-date=2011-07-26
| doi-access=free
}}
* {{cite document |last1=Leiner |first1=Barry |last2=Cerf |first2=Vinton |author2-link=Vinton Cerf |last3=Clark |first3=David |last4=Kahn |first4=Robert |last5=Kleinrock |first5=Leonard |last6=Lynch |first6=Daniel |last7=Postel |first7=Jon |author7-link=Jon Postel |last8=Roberts |first8=Larry |last9=Wolff |first9=Stephen |title=A Brief History of the Internet |date=2003 |url=http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml |access-date=2008-09-03 |id=Version 3.32}}
* {{cite web |first=Jean-François |last=Noubel |title=Collective Intelligence: the Invisible Revolution |date=2007 |url=http://publishing.yudu.com/Library/Arswi/CollectiveIntelligen/resources/index.htm?skipFlashCheck=true}}
* {{cite book
| last=Por | first=George
| last=Por | first=George
| year=1995
| year=1995
| chapter= The Quest for Collective intelligence
| chapter= The Quest for Collective intelligence
| editor=K. Gozdz |isbn=9780963039057
| editor=K. Gozdz
| title=Community Building: Renewing Spirit and Learning in Business
| title=Community Building: Renewing Spirit and Learning in Business
| publisher=New Leaders Press | location=San Francisco
| publisher=New Leaders Press | location=San Francisco
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book | ref=harv
| last=Rheingold | first=Howard
| last=Rheingold | first=Howard
| author-link=Howard Rheingold
| author-link=Howard Rheingold
| year=2007
| year=2002
| title=Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution
| title=Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution
| publisher=Hachette |isbn=9780465004393
| publisher=Basic Books
| title-link=Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution }}
| title-link=Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution }}
* {{cite book
| editor-last=Ron | editor-first=Sun
| year=2006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1RyhTamPkgC
* {{cite book | ref=harv
| last=Ron | first=Sun
| last=Ron | first=Sun
| title=Cognition and Multi-Agent Interaction
| title=Cognition and Multi-Agent Interaction
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| isbn=9780521839648
}}
* {{cite book |first=L. |last=Rosenberg |chapter=Human Swarms, a real time method for Collective Intelligence |chapter-url=https://direct.mit.edu/isal/proceedings-pdf/ecal2015/27/658/1903863/978-0-262-33027-5-ch117.pdf |title=Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL 2015) |date=2015 |pages=658–9 }}
* {{cite conference
| last1=Riedl | first1=Christoph
}}
* Rosenberg, L. (2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20151027132802/https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/titles/content/ecal2015/ch117.html Human Swarms, a real time method for Collective Intelligence]. Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL 2015), pp. 658–659.
* {{cite journal | ref=harv
| last=Riedl | first=Christoph
| last2=Blohm | first2=Ivo
| last2=Blohm | first2=Ivo
| last3=Leimeister | first3=Jan Marco
| last3=Leimeister | first3=Jan Marco
| last4=Krcmar | first4=Helmut
| last4=Krcmar | first4=Helmut
| year=2010
| year=2010
| title=Rating Scales for Collective Intelligence in Innovation Communities: Why Quick and Easy Decision Making Does Not Get It Right
| url=http://home.in.tum.de/~riedlc/res/RiedlEtAl2010-ICIS.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719100838/http://home.in.tum.de/~riedlc/res/RiedlEtAl2010-ICIS.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-19
| book-title=Thirty First International Conference on Information Systems, St. Louis 2010
| title=Rating Scales for Collective Intelligence in Innovation Communities: Why Quick and Easy Decision Making Does Not Get It Right | url=http://home.in.tum.de/~riedlc/res/RiedlEtAl2010-ICIS.pdf
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book | ref=harv
| last=Radakov | first=Dmitriĭ Viktorovich
| last=Radakov | first=Dmitriĭ Viktorovich
| year=1973
| year=1973
|publisher=Wiley |isbn=9780470704820
|editor=J. Wiley
| title=Schooling in the ecology of fish
| title=Schooling in the ecology of fish
}}
}}
* {{cite book|title=Uses and Abuses of Intelligence|editor1-first=Jean|editor1-last=Raven |year=2008|publisher=Royal Fireworks Press|location=Unionville (NY)|isbn=978-0-89824-356-7|lay-url=http://www.rfwp.com/3567.htm|lay-date=6 July 2010}}
* {{cite book | last1=Chowdhury | first1=Soudip Roy | last2=Rodriguez | first2=Carlos | last3=Daniel | first3=Florian | last4=Casati | first4=Fabio | year=2010 | title=Wisdom-aware computing: on the interactive recommendation of composition knowledge | pages=[https://archive.org/details/serviceorientedc0000maxi/page/144 144–155] | url=https://archive.org/details/serviceorientedc0000maxi/page/144 | isbn=9783642193934 | series=Icsoc'10 }}
* {{cite book |first1=S.R. |last1=Diasio |first2=N. |last2=Agell |chapter=The evolution of expertise in decision support technologies: A challenge for organizations |title=13th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design |date=2009 |pages=692–7 |doi=10.1109/CSCWD.2009.4968139|isbn=978-1-4244-3534-0 |s2cid=14678705 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Kaiser |first1=C. |last2=Kröckel |first2=J. |last3=Bodendorf |first3=F. |chapter=Swarm Intelligence for Analyzing Opinions in Online Communities |title=Proceedings of the 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |date=2010 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1109/HICSS.2010.356 |isbn=978-1-4244-5509-6 |s2cid=10383747 }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
== External links 相关链接 ==
== External links 相关链接 ==