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− | 此词条由Typhoid翻译。由Fernando审校。
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| + | |keywords=层次结构,复杂度 |
| + | |description=是研究各组成部分之间关系复杂的生态系统的一种方法。 |
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− | '''Hierarchy theory''' is a means of studying [[ecological systems]] in which the relationship between all of the components is of great complexity. Hierarchy theory focuses on [[Level of organization|levels of organization]] and issues of [[Scale (analytical tool)|scale]], with a specific focus on the role of the observer in the definition of the system. Complexity in this context does not refer to an intrinsic property of the system but to the possibility of representing the systems in a plurality of non-equivalent ways depending on the pre-analytical choices of the observer. Instead of analyzing the whole structure, hierarchy theory refers to the analysis of hierarchical levels, and the interactions between them. | + | '''层级理论 Hierarchy theory'''是研究各组成部分之间关系复杂的生态系统的一种方法。层级理论聚焦于层次结构与规模问题,而且特别关注观察者在系统定义中的作用。<ref>{{cite web |last=Allen |first=Timothy F. H. |date=2001 |title=A summary of the principles of hierarchy theory |url=http://isss.org/hierarchy.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011218001638/http://isss.org/hierarchy.htm |archivedate=2001-12-18 |accessdate=2016-03-19}}</ref>在这种情况下,复杂度不是指代系统的一种固有属性,而是指根据观察者的预分析选择,以多元不等价的方式来描绘系统的可能性。层级理论指的是对层次结构与其间相互作用的分析,而不是去分析整个结构。 |
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− | Hierarchy theory is a means of studying ecological systems in which the relationship between all of the components is of great complexity. Hierarchy theory focuses on levels of organization and issues of scale, with a specific focus on the role of the observer in the definition of the system. Complexity in this context does not refer to an intrinsic property of the system but to the possibility of representing the systems in a plurality of non-equivalent ways depending on the pre-analytical choices of the observer. Instead of analyzing the whole structure, hierarchy theory refers to the analysis of hierarchical levels, and the interactions between them.
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− | 层级理论是研究各组成部分之间关系复杂的生态系统的一种方法。层级理论聚焦于层次结构与规模问题,而且特别关注观察者在系统定义中的作用。<ref>{{cite web |last=Allen |first=Timothy F. H. |date=2001 |title=A summary of the principles of hierarchy theory |url=http://isss.org/hierarchy.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011218001638/http://isss.org/hierarchy.htm |archivedate=2001-12-18 |accessdate=2016-03-19}}</ref>在这一语境下,复杂度不是指代系统的一种固有属性,而是指“依赖观察者的事先分析选择,以多元的不平等的方式表征系统”的可能性。层级理论指的是对层次结构与其间相互作用的分析,而不是去分析整个结构。
| + | ==另见== |
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− | --[[用户:Typhoid|Typhoid]]([[用户讨论:Typhoid|讨论]])[翻译] 存疑“在这种情况下,复杂度不是指代系统的一种固有属性,而是指根据观察者的预分析选择,以多元不等价的方式来描绘系统的可能性。”
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− | ==See also==
| + | * [[生物学组织]] |
| + | * [[深层生态学]] |
| + | * [[轨道发展]] |
| + | * [[世界系统理论]] |
| + | * [[结构性经济]] |
| + | * [[独立理论]] |
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− | * [[Biological organisation]] 生物学组织
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− | * [[Timothy F. H. Allen]] 蒂莫西.艾伦
| + | ==参考文献== |
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− | * [[Deep history]] 深历史
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− | * [[Big history]] 大历史
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− | * [[Deep time]] 深时
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− | * [[Deep ecology]] 深层生态学
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− | * [[Infrastructure-based development]] 轨道发展
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− | * [[World-systems theory]] 世界系统理论
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− | * [[Structuralist economics]] 结构性经济
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− | * [[Dependency theory]] 独立理论
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− | ==References== | |
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| {{Reflist}} | | {{Reflist}} |
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− | ==Further reading== | + | ==进一步阅读== |
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| * {{cite thesis |type=Ph.D. thesis |last=Brooks |first=Daniel Stephen |date=August 2014 |title=The concept of levels of organization in the biological sciences |location=Bielefeld |publisher=[[Bielefeld University]] |oclc=942715109 |url=http://d-nb.info/1082033960/34 |ref=harv}} | | * {{cite thesis |type=Ph.D. thesis |last=Brooks |first=Daniel Stephen |date=August 2014 |title=The concept of levels of organization in the biological sciences |location=Bielefeld |publisher=[[Bielefeld University]] |oclc=942715109 |url=http://d-nb.info/1082033960/34 |ref=harv}} |
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| + | ==编者推荐== |
| + | ===集智课程=== |
| + | ====[https://campus.swarma.org/course/2153 命起源的最重要的问题——主体性与层级跃迁]==== |
| + | 生命作为最典型的复杂系统,从细胞到个体再到群体,在不同层次上都展现出各种复杂性,引发不同学科研究者的兴趣。为了促进生命复杂系统的跨学科交流,我们策划“生命复杂性”系列读书会,组织精读和讨论相关研究。 |
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− | [[Category:Hierarchy]]
| + | 生命起源是最迷人的科学问题之一,也是生物、化学、地质等多个学科的汇合地。而从复杂性科学的视角看,生命起源和发展是一个多次涌现、逐层跃迁的过程。 |
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− | Category:Hierarchy
| + | 该课程介绍关于生命起源的四大经典理论和最新工作,并讨论生命分阶段起源的定量研究设想。 |
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− | 类别: 层级
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− | [[Category:Systems ecology]] | + | ====[https://campus.swarma.org/course/2757 货币的内在层次结构 ]==== |
| + | Perry Mehrling 认为一些固有的思维定势会影响到思考,这些思维定势可能来源于以前日常生活中,或者是以往的经济学课程中形成的。 |
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− | Category:Systems ecology
| + | 但这些思维方式存在着一定的局限性,我们需要用一种不同的方式来思考货币体系,也就是要提出的层级体系的概念。在文中,他区分了货币的层级结构,金融机构的层级结构,货币体系的层级结构以及做市商的层级结构等。 |
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− | 类别: 系统生态学
| + | 通过层级分析,他认为已有的各种理论都只是捕捉到了货币体系整体的一部分,并不是货币体系的完整真相,并以此从一个全新的视角解读了经济危机以及中央银行“最后贷款人”的作用。 |
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| + | ---- |
| + | 本中文词条由Typhoid翻译。由Fernando审校,[[用户:薄荷|薄荷]]编辑,如有问题,欢迎在讨论页面留言。 |
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− | {{Sci-stub}}
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− | <noinclude>
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− | <small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:Hierarchy theory]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[层级理论/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
| + | '''本词条内容源自wikipedia及公开资料,遵守 CC3.0协议。''' |
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− | [[Category:待整理页面]] | + | [[Category:层级]] |
| + | [[Category:系统生态学]] |