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[[File:James Lovelock in 2005.jpg|thumb|[[James Lovelock]], 2005]]

[[File:James Lovelock in 2005.jpg|thumb|[[James Lovelock]], 2005]]

Lovelock started defining the idea of a self-regulating Earth controlled by the community of living organisms in September 1965, while working at the [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] in California on methods of detecting [[life on Mars (planet)|life on Mars]].<ref name="Lovelock1965">{{cite journal | author = Lovelock, J.E. | date = 1965 | title = A physical basis for life detection experiments | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 207 | issue = 7 | pages = 568–570 | doi = 10.1038/207568a0 | pmid=5883628|bibcode = 1965Natur.207..568L | ref = harv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jameslovelock.org/page4.html |title=Geophysiology |access-date=2007-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506073502/http://www.jameslovelock.org/page4.html |archive-date=2007-05-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first paper to mention it was ''Planetary Atmospheres: Compositional and other Changes Associated with the Presence of Life'', co-authored with C.E. Giffin.<ref>{{cite journal | author1 = Lovelock, J.E. | author2 = Giffin, C.E. | date = 1969 | title = Planetary Atmospheres: Compositional and other changes associated with the presence of Life | journal = Advances in the Astronautical Sciences | volume = 25 | pages = 179–193 | isbn = 978-0-87703-028-7 | ref = harv}}</ref> A main concept was that life could be detected in a planetary scale by the chemical composition of the atmosphere. According to the data gathered by the [[Pic du Midi de Bigorre|Pic du Midi observatory]], planets like Mars or Venus had atmospheres in [[chemical equilibrium]]. This difference with the Earth atmosphere was considered to be a proof that there was no life in these planets.

Lovelock于1965年9月开始定义由生物群落控制的自我调节地球的概念，在加州喷气推进实验室研究探测火星生命的方法时，<ref name="Lovelock1965">{{cite journal | author = Lovelock, J.E. | date = 1965 | title = A physical basis for life detection experiments | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 207 | issue = 7 | pages = 568–570 | doi = 10.1038/207568a0 | pmid=5883628|bibcode = 1965Natur.207..568L | ref = harv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jameslovelock.org/page4.html |title=Geophysiology |access-date=2007-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506073502/http://www.jameslovelock.org/page4.html |archive-date=2007-05-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>第一篇提到火星生命的论文是《行星大气：与生命存在相关的成分和其他变化》，与C.E.吉芬合著的一个主要概念是，可以通过大气的化学成分在行星范围内探测到生命。<ref>{{cite journal | author1 = Lovelock, J.E. | author2 = Giffin, C.E. | date = 1969 | title = Planetary Atmospheres: Compositional and other changes associated with the presence of Life | journal = Advances in the Astronautical Sciences | volume = 25 | pages = 179–193 | isbn = 978-0-87703-028-7 | ref = harv}}</ref>根据Pic du Midi天文台收集的数据，火星或金星等行星的大气层处于化学平衡状态。这种与地球大气层的差异被认为是这些行星上没有生命存在的证据。  

洛夫洛克于1965年9月开始定义由生物群落控制的自我调节地球的概念，在加州喷气推进实验室研究探测火星生命的方法时，第一篇提到火星生命的论文是《行星大气：与生命存在相关的成分和其他变化》，与C.E.吉芬合著的一个主要概念是，可以通过大气的化学成分在行星范围内探测到生命。根据Pic du Midi天文台收集的数据，火星或金星等行星的大气层处于化学平衡状态。这种与地球大气层的差异被认为是这些行星上没有生命存在的证据。  

Lovelock called it first the Earth feedback hypothesis,<ref name="Lovelock01">Harding, Stephan. Animate Earth Science, Intuition and Gaia. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2006, p. 44. ISBN 1-933392-29-0</ref> and it was a way to explain the fact that combinations of chemicals including [[oxygen]] and [[methane]] persist in stable concentrations in the atmosphere of the Earth. Lovelock suggested detecting such combinations in other planets' atmospheres as a relatively reliable and cheap way to detect life.

Lovelock在1972年<ref name="J1972">{{cite journal | author = J. E. Lovelock | title = Gaia as seen through the atmosphere | date = 1972 | journal = [[Atmospheric Environment]] | volume = 6 | issue = 8 | pages = 579–580 | doi = 10.1016/0004-6981(72)90076-5 | ref = harv|bibcode = 1972AtmEn...6..579L }}</ref>和1974年<ref name="lovelock1974" />的期刊文章中提出了盖亚假说，随后在1979年出版了一本普及的书《盖亚：地球生命的新面貌》。1975年2月6日<ref>Lovelock, John and Sidney Epton, (February 8, 1975). "The quest for Gaia". [https://books.google.com/books?id=pnV6UYEkU4YC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false New Scientist], p. 304.</ref>《新科学家》上的一篇文章和1979年出版的《寻找盖亚》这本畅销书中的假设版本开始引起科学界和评论界的注意。

 

 

Lovelock首先称之为地球反馈假说 the Earth feedback hypothesis，<ref name="Lovelock01">Harding, Stephan. Animate Earth Science, Intuition and Gaia. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2006, p. 44. ISBN 1-933392-29-0</ref>这是一种解释包括氧和甲烷在内的化学物质在地球大气中以稳定浓度存在这一事实的方法。洛夫洛克建议，在其他行星的大气层中探测这种组合是一种相对可靠且廉价的探测生命的方法。

[[File:Lynn Margulis.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lynn Margulis]]]]

[[File:Lynn Margulis.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lynn Margulis]]]]

詹姆斯·洛夫洛克 James Lovelock称他的第一个提议为盖亚假说，但也使用了盖亚理论一词。洛夫洛克说，最初的公式是基于观察，但仍然缺乏科学的解释。盖亚假说后来得到了许多科学实验的支持，<ref name="J1990">{{cite journal | author = J. E. Lovelock | title = Hands up for the Gaia hypothesis | date = 1990 | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 344 | issue = 6262 | pages = 100–2 | doi = 10.1038/344100a0|bibcode = 1990Natur.344..100L | ref = harv}}</ref>并提供了许多有用的预测。<ref name="Volk2003">{{cite book |author=Volk, Tyler |title=Gaia's Body: Toward a Physiology of Earth |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |date=2003 |isbn=978-0-262-72042-7 }}</ref>事实上，更广泛的研究证明了最初的假说是错误的，因为不是生命本身，而是整个地球系统在起调节作用。 <ref name="vanishing255"/>

詹姆斯·洛夫洛克 James Lovelock称他的第一个提议为盖亚假说，但也使用了盖亚理论一词。洛夫洛克说，最初的公式是基于观察，但仍然缺乏科学的解释。盖亚假说后来得到了许多科学实验的支持，<ref name="J1990">{{cite journal | author = J. E. Lovelock | title = Hands up for the Gaia hypothesis | date = 1990 | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 344 | issue = 6262 | pages = 100–2 | doi = 10.1038/344100a0|bibcode = 1990Natur.344..100L | ref = harv}}</ref>并提供了许多有用的预测。<ref name="Volk2003">{{cite book |author=Volk, Tyler |title=Gaia's Body: Toward a Physiology of Earth |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |date=2003 |isbn=978-0-262-72042-7 }}</ref>事实上，更广泛的研究证明了最初的假说是错误的，因为不是生命本身，而是整个地球系统在起调节作用。 <ref name="vanishing255"/>

===第一次盖亚会议===

===第一次盖亚会议===