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共同进化最初是一个生物学概念，但研究人员已将其应用于计算机科学、社会学和天文学等领域。

共同进化最初是一个生物学概念，但研究人员已将其应用于计算机科学、社会学和天文学等领域。

==Mutualism==

=<nowiki>= 互惠关系 =</nowiki>=

{{Main|Mutualism (biology)}}

{{Main|Mutualism (biology)}}

Coevolution is the [[evolution]] of two or more [[species]] which reciprocally affect each other, sometimes creating a [[Mutualism (biology)|mutualistic relationship]] between the species. Such relationships can be of many different types.<ref>{{cite book |title=Coevolution |author=[[Douglas J. Futuyma|Futuyma, D. J.]] and M. Slatkin (editors) |year=1983 |publisher=[[Sinauer Associates]] |isbn=978-0-87893-228-3 |pages=whole book}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Coevolutionary Process |author=Thompson, J. N.|year=1994 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-79759-5 |pages=whole book}}</ref>

Coevolution is the [[evolution]] of two or more [[species]] which reciprocally affect each other, sometimes creating a [[Mutualism (biology)|mutualistic relationship]] between the species. Such relationships can be of many different types.

Coevolution is the evolution of two or more species which reciprocally affect each other, sometimes creating a mutualistic relationship between the species. Such relationships can be of many different types.

Coevolution is the evolution of two or more species which reciprocally affect each other, sometimes creating a mutualistic relationship between the species. Such relationships can be of many different types.

===Flowering plants===

===被子植物===

 

Flowers appeared and diversified relatively suddenly in the fossil record, creating what [[Charles Darwin]] described as the "abominable mystery" of how they had evolved so quickly; he considered whether coevolution could be the explanation. He first mentioned coevolution as a possibility in ''[[On the Origin of Species]]'', and developed the concept further in ''[[Fertilisation of Orchids]]'' (1862).

 

= = 被子植物 = =  

 

Flowers appeared and diversified relatively suddenly in the fossil record, creating what [[Charles Darwin]] described as the "abominable mystery" of how they had evolved so quickly; he considered whether coevolution could be the explanation.<ref name="CardinalDanforth2013"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Friedman, W. E. |date=January 2009 |title=The meaning of Darwin's 'abominable mystery' |journal=Am. J. Bot. |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=5–21 |doi=10.3732/ajb.0800150 |url=http://www.amjbot.org/content/96/1/5.full |pmid=21628174}}</ref> He first mentioned coevolution as a possibility in ''[[On the Origin of Species]]'', and developed the concept further in ''[[Fertilisation of Orchids]]'' (1862).<ref name="t24">{{cite book |first=John N. |last=Thompson |title=The coevolutionary process |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |location=Chicago |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-226-79760-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyXPQzEwqPIC&q=Wallace+%22creation+by+law%22+Angr%C3%A6cum&pg=PA27 |access-date=2009-07-27}}</ref><ref name="origins94">{{cite book |last=Darwin |first=Charles |year=1859 |title=On the Origin of Species |edition=1st |location=London |publisher=John Murray |url=http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 |access-date=2009-02-07}}</ref><ref name="orchids1">{{cite book |last=Darwin |first=Charles |year=1877 |title=On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing |location=London |publisher=John Murray |edition=2nd |url=http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F801&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 |access-date=2009-07-27}}</ref>

Flowers appeared and diversified relatively suddenly in the fossil record, creating what Charles Darwin described as the "abominable mystery" of how they had evolved so quickly; he considered whether coevolution could be the explanation. He first mentioned coevolution as a possibility in On the Origin of Species, and developed the concept further in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862).

Flowers appeared and diversified relatively suddenly in the fossil record, creating what Charles Darwin described as the "abominable mystery" of how they had evolved so quickly; he considered whether coevolution could be the explanation. He first mentioned coevolution as a possibility in On the Origin of Species, and developed the concept further in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862).

在化石记录中，花朵相对突然地出现和多样化，创造了被查尔斯 · 达尔文描述为“令人憎恶的神秘”的花朵如何如此迅速地进化; 他考虑共同进化是否可以作为解释。他第一次提到共同进化的可能性是在20世纪物种起源，并在《兰花施肥》(1862)中进一步发展了这个概念。

在化石记录中，花朵相对突然地出现和多样化，创造了被查尔斯 · 达尔文描述为“令人憎恶的神秘”的花朵如何如此迅速地进化; 他考虑共同进化是否可以作为解释。<ref name="CardinalDanforth2013" /><ref>{{cite journal |author=Friedman, W. E. |date=January 2009 |title=The meaning of Darwin's 'abominable mystery' |journal=Am. J. Bot. |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=5–21 |doi=10.3732/ajb.0800150 |url=http://www.amjbot.org/content/96/1/5.full |pmid=21628174}}</ref>他第一次提到共同进化的可能性是在20世纪物种起源，并在《兰花施肥》(1862)中进一步发展了这个概念。<ref name="t24">{{cite book |first=John N. |last=Thompson |title=The coevolutionary process |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |location=Chicago |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-226-79760-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyXPQzEwqPIC&q=Wallace+%22creation+by+law%22+Angr%C3%A6cum&pg=PA27 |access-date=2009-07-27}}</ref><ref name="origins94">{{cite book |last=Darwin |first=Charles |year=1859 |title=On the Origin of Species |edition=1st |location=London |publisher=John Murray |url=http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 |access-date=2009-02-07}}</ref><ref name="orchids1">{{cite book |last=Darwin |first=Charles |year=1877 |title=On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing |location=London |publisher=John Murray |edition=2nd |url=http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F801&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 |access-date=2009-07-27}}</ref>

====Insects and insect-pollinated flowers====

====Insects and insect-pollinated flowers====