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第5行： − + − − Numerical climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate, including atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice. They are used for a variety of purposes from study of the dynamics of the climate system to projections of future climate. − − 第16行：
第12行： − + + + + + + + + + − 气候模式可以是数值的，也可以是定性的(即不是数值的)。数值气候模型使用定量方法来模拟气候的重要驱动因素之间的相互作用，包括大气、海洋、陆地表面和冰。它们被用于从研究气候系统的动态到预测未来气候的各种目的。定性的气候模型通常是对未来的可能描述<ref name=":0" />。定性的气候模型考虑到来自太阳的入射能量为短波电磁辐射，主要是可见光和短波(近)红外线，以及外向长波(远)红外线电磁辐射。不平衡导致温度的变化。 + + − 定性模型的复杂性各不相同:
无编辑摘要
气候模型是基于物理、流体运动和化学基本定律的微分方程系统。 为了“运行”一个模型，科学家们将地球划分成一个三维网格，应用基本方程，并对结果进行评估。 大气模型计算每个网格内的风、热传递、辐射、相对湿度和地表径流，并评估与邻近点的相互作用。
气候模型是基于物理、流体运动和化学基本定律的微分方程系统。 为了“运行”一个模型，科学家们将地球划分成一个三维网格，应用基本方程，并对结果进行评估。 大气模型计算每个网格内的风、热传递、辐射、相对湿度和地表径流，并评估与邻近点的相互作用。
Climate models may be Numerical，and also qualitative (i.e. not numerical) .
Climate models may be Numerical，and also qualitative (i.e. not numerical) .Qualitative Climate models are narratives, largely descriptive, of possible futures.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal
Qualitative Climate models are narratives, largely descriptive, of possible futures.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal
| author = IPCC
| author = IPCC
| year = 2014
| year = 2014
| url = https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full.pdf#page=74
| url = https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full.pdf#page=74
| quote = Box 2.3. ‘Models’ are typically numerical simulations of real-world systems, calibrated and validated using observations from experiments or analogies, and then run using input data representing future climate. Models can also include largely descriptive narratives of possible futures, such as those used in scenario construction. Quantitative and descriptive models are often used together.
| quote = Box 2.3. ‘Models’ are typically numerical simulations of real-world systems, calibrated and validated using observations from experiments or analogies, and then run using input data representing future climate. Models can also include largely descriptive narratives of possible futures, such as those used in scenario construction. Quantitative and descriptive models are often used together.
}}</ref>Quantitative climate models take account of incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation, chiefly visible and short-wave (near) infrared, as well as outgoing long wave (far) infrared electromagnetic. An imbalance results in a change in temperature.
}}</ref>
气候模式可以是数值的，也可以是定性的(即不是数值的)。定性的气候模型通常是对未来的可能描述<ref name=":0" />。
Numerical climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate, including atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice. They are used for a variety of purposes from study of the dynamics of the climate system to projections of future climate.
Quantitative climate models take account of incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation, chiefly visible and short-wave (near) infrared, as well as outgoing long wave (far) infrared electromagnetic. An imbalance results in a change in temperature.
Quantitative models vary in complexity:
Quantitative models vary in complexity:
数值气候模型使用定量方法来模拟气候的重要驱动因素之间的相互作用，包括大气、海洋、陆地表面和冰。它们被用于从研究气候系统的动态到预测未来气候的各种目的。定量的气候模型考虑到来自太阳的入射能量为短波电磁辐射，主要是可见光和短波(近)红外线，以及外向长波(远)红外线电磁辐射。其不平衡导致温度的变化。
·A simple radiant heat transfer model treats the earth as a single point and averages outgoing energy. This can be expanded vertically (radiative-convective models) and/or horizontallyFinally, (coupled) atmosphere–ocean–sea ice global climate models solve the full equations for mass and energy transfer and radiant exchange.Other types of modelling can be interlinked, such as land use, in Earth System Models, allowing researchers to predict the interaction between climate and ecosystems.
·A simple radiant heat transfer model treats the earth as a single point and averages outgoing energy. This can be expanded vertically (radiative-convective models) and/or horizontallyFinally, (coupled) atmosphere–ocean–sea ice global climate models solve the full equations for mass and energy transfer and radiant exchange.Other types of modelling can be interlinked, such as land use, in Earth System Models, allowing researchers to predict the interaction between climate and ecosystems.
定性模型复杂性各不相同:
一个简单的辐射热传递模型是将地球作为一个单点，对输出能量进行平均。(耦合的)大气-海洋-海冰全球气候模式解决了质量、能量转移和辐射交换的完整方程。在地球系统模型中，其他类型的模型可以相互关联，例如土地使用，使研究人员能够预测气候与生态系统之间的相互作用。[[File:Global Climate Model.png|thumb|right|350px|Climate models are systems of [[differential equation]]s based on the basic laws of [[physics]], [[Fluid dynamics|fluid motion]], and [[chemistry]]. To “run” a model, scientists divide the planet into a 3-dimensional grid, apply the basic equations, and evaluate the results. Atmospheric models calculate [[winds]], [[heat transfer]], [[radiation]], [[relative humidity]], and surface [[hydrology]] within each grid and evaluate interactions with neighboring points.|链接=Special:FilePath/Global_Climate_Model.png]]
一个简单的辐射热传递模型是将地球作为一个单点，对输出能量进行平均。(耦合的)大气-海洋-海冰全球气候模式解决了质量、能量转移和辐射交换的完整方程。在地球系统模型中，其他类型的模型可以相互关联，例如土地使用，使研究人员能够预测气候与生态系统之间的相互作用。[[File:Global Climate Model.png|thumb|right|350px|Climate models are systems of [[differential equation]]s based on the basic laws of [[physics]], [[Fluid dynamics|fluid motion]], and [[chemistry]]. To “run” a model, scientists divide the planet into a 3-dimensional grid, apply the basic equations, and evaluate the results. Atmospheric models calculate [[winds]], [[heat transfer]], [[radiation]], [[relative humidity]], and surface [[hydrology]] within each grid and evaluate interactions with neighboring points.|链接=Special:FilePath/Global_Climate_Model.png]]