7,129
个编辑
更改
跳到导航
跳到搜索
第101行：
第101行： + 第115行：
第116行： − − In 2016, Kauffman wrote a children's story, "Patrick, Rupert, Sly & Gus Protocells", a narrative about unprestatable niche creation in the biosphere, which was later produced as a short animated video. − 【最终篇】2016年，考夫曼写了一篇儿童故事《帕特里克、鲁伯特、斯莱和格斯的原始细胞》，讲述了生物圈中难以描述的生态位创造，后来被制作成动画短片。<ref>这个故事可以在这里阅读: {{cite web |url=https://iscpif.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/THE-SURPRISING-TRUE-2STORY-OF-PATRICK-S-RUPERT-R.-SLY-S.-AND-GUS-G.-.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527002318/https://iscpif.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/THE-SURPRISING-TRUE-2STORY-OF-PATRICK-S-RUPERT-R.-SLY-S.-AND-GUS-G.-.pdf |archive-date=2020-05-27 |url-status=live |title=The Surprising True Story of Patrick S., Rupert R., Sly S., and Gus G. Protocells in Their Very Early Years |date=16 August 2016}} Kauffman narrates the story in 2017 here: Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/mxALd-rqSBc Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170312233945/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxALd-rqSBc&feature=youtu.be Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxALd-rqSBc |title=The Surprising True Story of Patrick, Rupert, Sly, and Gus |website=[[YouTube]] |date=10 March 2017 |access-date=2020-05-26}}{{cbignore}} An animated version is here: Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/qKXt7zdLVR4 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201002012309/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKXt7zdLVR4&t=663s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKXt7zdLVR4|title=The origins of life and its continuing wonder |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=Science Animated |date=24 August 2020 |quote=Stuart Kauffman explains how life evolved from its earlier origins some 3,700 million years ago through the story of four protocells—Patrick, Rupert, Sly and Gus. He explains why our knowledge of the origins and early evolution of life can greatly help us understand our true place in the world.}}{{cbignore}}</ref>:考夫曼在这里讲述了2017年的故事:存档在Ghostarchive和Wayback Machine:这里有一个动画版本:存档在Ghostarchive和Wayback Machine。+ +
→工作
== 工作 ==
== 工作 ==
考夫曼最著名的论点是，生物系统和有机体的复杂性可能来自自组织和远离平衡的动力学，也可能来自达尔文的自然选择，在进化生物学的三个领域，即种群动力学、分子进化和形态发生。在分子生物学方面，考夫曼的结构主义方法因忽视了能量在驱动细胞生化反应中的作用而受到批评，这种作用可以被称为自催化，但不是简单的自组织。<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fox |first=Ronald F. |title=Review of Stuart Kauffman, The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution |journal=Biophys. J. |date=December 1993 |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=2698–2699 |pmc=1226010 |doi=10.1016/s0006-3495(93)81321-3 |bibcode=1993BpJ....65.2698F}}</ref>一些在考夫曼领域工作的生物学家和物理学家对他关于自组织和进化的观点提出了质疑。一个恰当的例子是2001年出版的《生物系统中的自组织 Self-Organization in Biological Systems》一书中的一些评论。<ref>{{cite book |last1=Camazine |first1=Scott |last2=Deneubourg |first2=Jean-Louis |last3=Franks |first3=Nigel R. |last4=Sneyd |first4=James |last5=Theraulaz |first5=Guy |last6=Bonabeau |first6=Eric |date=2001 |title=Self-Organization in Biological Systems |series=Princeton Studies in Complexity |location=Princeton, New Jersey |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_OXaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA88 88–89], [https://books.google.com/books?id=_OXaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA283 283] |doi=10.2307/j.ctvzxx9tx |isbn=0691012113 |oclc=44876868 |jstor=j.ctvzxx9tx}}</ref>Roger Sansom在2011年出版的《天才基因:基因调控网络如何进化到控制发展 Ingenious Genes: How Gene Regulation Networks Evolve to Control Development》一书，是对考夫曼关于基因调控网络的自组织模型的扩展批评。<ref>{{cite book |last=Sansom |first=Roger |date=2011 |title=Ingenious Genes: How Gene Regulation Networks Evolve To Control Development |series=Life and Mind: Philosophical Issues in Biology and Psychology |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |isbn=9780262195812 |oclc=694600461 |doi=10.7551/mitpress/9780262195812.001.0001}} See also: {{cite journal |last=Wray |first=Gregory A. |date=December 2012 |title=Adaptation and Gene Networks: ''Ingenious Genes: How Gene Regulation Networks Evolve to Control Development'' [book review] |journal=[[BioScience]] |volume=62 |issue=12 |pages=1084–1085 |doi=10.1525/bio.2012.62.12.10 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
考夫曼最著名的论点是，生物系统和有机体的复杂性可能来自自组织和远离平衡的动力学，也可能来自达尔文的自然选择，在进化生物学的三个领域，即种群动力学、分子进化和形态发生。在分子生物学方面，考夫曼的结构主义方法因忽视了能量在驱动细胞生化反应中的作用而受到批评，这种作用可以被称为自催化，但不是简单的自组织。<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fox |first=Ronald F. |title=Review of Stuart Kauffman, The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution |journal=Biophys. J. |date=December 1993 |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=2698–2699 |pmc=1226010 |doi=10.1016/s0006-3495(93)81321-3 |bibcode=1993BpJ....65.2698F}}</ref>一些在考夫曼领域工作的生物学家和物理学家对他关于自组织和进化的观点提出了质疑。一个恰当的例子是2001年出版的《生物系统中的自组织 Self-Organization in Biological Systems》一书中的一些评论。<ref>{{cite book |last1=Camazine |first1=Scott |last2=Deneubourg |first2=Jean-Louis |last3=Franks |first3=Nigel R. |last4=Sneyd |first4=James |last5=Theraulaz |first5=Guy |last6=Bonabeau |first6=Eric |date=2001 |title=Self-Organization in Biological Systems |series=Princeton Studies in Complexity |location=Princeton, New Jersey |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_OXaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA88 88–89], [https://books.google.com/books?id=_OXaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA283 283] |doi=10.2307/j.ctvzxx9tx |isbn=0691012113 |oclc=44876868 |jstor=j.ctvzxx9tx}}</ref>Roger Sansom在2011年出版的《天才基因:基因调控网络如何进化到控制发展 Ingenious Genes: How Gene Regulation Networks Evolve to Control Development》一书，是对考夫曼关于基因调控网络的自组织模型的扩展批评。<ref>{{cite book |last=Sansom |first=Roger |date=2011 |title=Ingenious Genes: How Gene Regulation Networks Evolve To Control Development |series=Life and Mind: Philosophical Issues in Biology and Psychology |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |isbn=9780262195812 |oclc=694600461 |doi=10.7551/mitpress/9780262195812.001.0001}} See also: {{cite journal |last=Wray |first=Gregory A. |date=December 2012 |title=Adaptation and Gene Networks: ''Ingenious Genes: How Gene Regulation Networks Evolve to Control Development'' [book review] |journal=[[BioScience]] |volume=62 |issue=12 |pages=1084–1085 |doi=10.1525/bio.2012.62.12.10 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
考夫曼借鉴物理学中的自旋玻璃模型，发明了“N-K”适应性地形，并在生物学和经济学中得到了应用。在相关的工作中，考夫曼和他的同事研究了经济系统中的次批判、批判和超实践行为。
考夫曼借鉴物理学中的自旋玻璃模型，发明了“N-K”适应性地形，并在生物学和经济学中得到了应用。在相关的工作中，考夫曼和他的同事研究了经济系统中的次批判、批判和超实践行为。
他发表了350多篇文章和6本书:《秩序的起源 The Origins of Order》(1993年)、《在宇宙中安家 At Home in the Universe》(1995年)、《调查 Investigations》(2000年)、《重新创造神圣 Reinventing the Sacred》(2008年)、《创造性宇宙中的人类 Humanity in a Creative Universe》(2016年)和《超越物理学的世界 A World Beyond Physics》(2019年)。
他发表了350多篇文章和6本书:《秩序的起源 The Origins of Order》(1993年)、《在宇宙中安家 At Home in the Universe》(1995年)、《调查 Investigations》(2000年)、《重新创造神圣 Reinventing the Sacred》(2008年)、《创造性宇宙中的人类 Humanity in a Creative Universe》(2016年)和《超越物理学的世界 A World Beyond Physics》(2019年)。
2016年，考夫曼写了一篇儿童故事《帕特里克、鲁伯特、斯莱和格斯的原始细胞》，讲述了生物圈中难以描述的生态位创造，后来被制作成动画短片。<ref>这个故事可以在这里阅读: {{cite web |url=https://iscpif.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/THE-SURPRISING-TRUE-2STORY-OF-PATRICK-S-RUPERT-R.-SLY-S.-AND-GUS-G.-.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527002318/https://iscpif.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/THE-SURPRISING-TRUE-2STORY-OF-PATRICK-S-RUPERT-R.-SLY-S.-AND-GUS-G.-.pdf |archive-date=2020-05-27 |url-status=live |title=The Surprising True Story of Patrick S., Rupert R., Sly S., and Gus G. Protocells in Their Very Early Years |date=16 August 2016}} Kauffman narrates the story in 2017 here: Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/mxALd-rqSBc Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170312233945/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxALd-rqSBc&feature=youtu.be Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxALd-rqSBc |title=The Surprising True Story of Patrick, Rupert, Sly, and Gus |website=[[YouTube]] |date=10 March 2017 |access-date=2020-05-26}}{{cbignore}} An animated version is here: Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/qKXt7zdLVR4 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201002012309/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKXt7zdLVR4&t=663s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKXt7zdLVR4|title=The origins of life and its continuing wonder |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=Science Animated |date=24 August 2020 |quote=Stuart Kauffman explains how life evolved from its earlier origins some 3,700 million years ago through the story of four protocells—Patrick, Rupert, Sly and Gus. He explains why our knowledge of the origins and early evolution of life can greatly help us understand our true place in the world.}}{{cbignore}}</ref>:考夫曼在这里讲述了2017年的故事:存档在Ghostarchive和Wayback Machine:这里有一个动画版本:存档在Ghostarchive和Wayback Machine。
2017年，考夫曼与露丝·卡斯特纳 Ruth Kastner和迈克尔·艾伯森 Michael Epperson合著了《认真对待海森堡的潜能 Taking Heisenberg's Potentia Seriously》，探讨了现实既包括本体论上真实的“可能性”，也包括本体论上真实的“实际”这一概念。<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kastner |first1=Ruth E. |last2=Kauffman |first2=Stuart |last3=Epperson |first3=Michael |date=2019 |chapter=Taking Heisenberg's Potentia Seriously |title=Adventures in Quantumland: Exploring Our Unseen Reality |location=London ; Hackensack, NJ |publisher=World Scientific |pages=223–237 |isbn=978-1-78634-641-4 |oclc=1083673555 |doi=10.1142/9781786346421_0011|arxiv=1709.03595 |s2cid=4882205 }}</ref>
2017年，考夫曼与露丝·卡斯特纳 Ruth Kastner和迈克尔·艾伯森 Michael Epperson合著了《认真对待海森堡的潜能 Taking Heisenberg's Potentia Seriously》，探讨了现实既包括本体论上真实的“可能性”，也包括本体论上真实的“实际”这一概念。<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kastner |first1=Ruth E. |last2=Kauffman |first2=Stuart |last3=Epperson |first3=Michael |date=2019 |chapter=Taking Heisenberg's Potentia Seriously |title=Adventures in Quantumland: Exploring Our Unseen Reality |location=London ; Hackensack, NJ |publisher=World Scientific |pages=223–237 |isbn=978-1-78634-641-4 |oclc=1083673555 |doi=10.1142/9781786346421_0011|arxiv=1709.03595 |s2cid=4882205 }}</ref>
<br>
== 出版物 ==
== 出版物 ==