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| | isbn = 978-0122004001 | | | isbn = 978-0122004001 |
| }}</ref>。电灯的开关是一种常见的双稳性机械系统,其中的杠杆设计使开关停留在“开”或“关”的位置,而不是中间位置。机械系统、电子系统、非线性光学系统、化学系统和生物系统都可能具有双稳性。 | | }}</ref>。电灯的开关是一种常见的双稳性机械系统,其中的杠杆设计使开关停留在“开”或“关”的位置,而不是中间位置。机械系统、电子系统、非线性光学系统、化学系统和生物系统都可能具有双稳性。 |
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| 在保守力场系统中,若势能有两个局部极小值点,则系统具有双稳性<ref name="Nazarov">{{cite book | | 在保守力场系统中,若势能有两个局部极小值点,则系统具有双稳性<ref name="Nazarov">{{cite book |
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| | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=w20gAwAAQBAJ&q=bistability+minimum&pg=PA291 | | | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=w20gAwAAQBAJ&q=bistability+minimum&pg=PA291 |
| | isbn = 978-1139619028 | | | isbn = 978-1139619028 |
− | }}</ref>。由于势能函数具有连续性,该系统一定存在不稳定的势能极大值点。在静息状态下,粒子将处于某一势能极小值点,极大值点可以视为它们之间的一道屏障。若给予足够的活化能,粒子能够穿过极大值屏障,从一个稳定区域到达另一个稳定区域,并在一段时间之后静止在极小值点上(假定该系统是[[耗散系统]]),这段时间称为'''<font color="#ff8000"> 驰豫时间relaxation time</font>''' | + | }}</ref>。由于势能函数具有连续性,该系统一定存在不稳定的势能极大值点。在静息状态下,粒子将处于某一势能极小值点,极大值点可以视为它们之间的一道屏障。若给予足够的活化能,粒子能够穿过极大值屏障,从一个稳定区域到达另一个稳定区域,并在一段时间之后静止在极小值点上(假定该系统有能量损耗),这段时间称为'''<font color="#ff8000"> 驰豫时间relaxation time</font>''' |
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− | Bistability is widely used in [[digital electronics]] devices to store [[binary number|binary]] data. It is the essential characteristic of the [[flip-flop (electronics)|flip-flop]], a circuit which is a fundamental building block of [[computer]]s and some types of [[semiconductor memory]]. A bistable device can store one [[binary digit|bit]] of binary data, with one state representing a "0" and the other state a "1". It is also used in [[relaxation oscillator]]s, [[multivibrator]]s, and the [[Schmitt trigger]].
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− | [[Optical bistability]] is an attribute of certain optical devices where two resonant transmissions states are possible and stable, dependent on the input.
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− | Bistability can also arise in biochemical systems, where it creates digital, switch-like outputs from the constituent chemical concentrations and activities. It is often associated with [[Hysteresis#In biology|hysteresis]] in such systems.
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− | Bistability is widely used in digital electronics devices to store binary data. It is the essential characteristic of the flip-flop, a circuit which is a fundamental building block of computers and some types of semiconductor memory. A bistable device can store one bit of binary data, with one state representing a "0" and the other state a "1". It is also used in relaxation oscillators, multivibrators, and the Schmitt trigger.
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− | Optical bistability is an attribute of certain optical devices where two resonant transmissions states are possible and stable, dependent on the input.
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− | Bistability can also arise in biochemical systems, where it creates digital, switch-like outputs from the constituent chemical concentrations and activities. It is often associated with hysteresis in such systems.
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− | 双稳态广泛应用于数字电子器件中存储二进制数据。这是触发器的基本特性,触发器是计算机和某些类型的半导体存储器的基本组成部分。双稳态设备可以存储一位二进制数据,其中一个状态表示“0”,另一个状态表示“1”。它也用于松弛振荡器、多振荡器和施密特触发器。光学双稳态是某些光学器件的一种属性,其中两个共振传输状态是可能的和稳定的,依赖于输入。生物化学系统中也可能出现双稳态,在这种系统中,它从化学成分的浓度和活动中产生数字化的、开关式的输出。在这种系统中,它通常与滞后有关。
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− | ==Mathematical modelling== | + | 双稳性被广泛应用于二进制存储器当中,是'''<font color="#ff8000"> 触发器flip-flop</font>'''的基本特性,可以存储1比特数据,其中一个状态表示“0”,另一个状态表示“1”。它也用于'''<font color="#ff8000"> 弛豫振荡器relaxation oscillator</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 多谐振荡器multivibrator</font>'''和'''<font color="#ff8000"> 施密特触发器Schmitt trigger</font>'''等器件中。光学系统中的'''<font color="#ff8000"> 光学双稳性Optical bistability</font>'''表示两种稳定的共振传输状态,依赖于输入内容。生物化学系统的双稳性通常与'''<font color="#ff8000"> Hysteresis</font>'''有关。 |
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− | ==Mathematical modelling==
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| = = 数学模型 = = | | = = 数学模型 = = |