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{{short description|Describes how neurons transmit electric signals}}

{{short description|Describes how neurons transmit electric signals}}

[[Image:Hodgkin-Huxley.svg|thumb|right|350px|Basic components of Hodgkin–Huxley-type models. Hodgkin–Huxley type models represent the biophysical characteristic of cell membranes. The lipid bilayer is represented as a capacitance (''C''<SUB>m</SUB>). Voltage-gated and leak ion channels are represented by nonlinear (''g''<SUB>n</SUB>) and linear (''g''<SUB>L</SUB>) conductances, respectively. The electrochemical gradients driving the flow of ions are represented by batteries (E), and ion pumps and exchangers are represented by current sources (''I''<SUB>p</SUB>).|链接=Special:FilePath/Hodgkin-Huxley.svg]]

[[Image:Hodgkin-Huxley.svg|thumb|right|350px|Hodgkin-Huxley 类模型的基本组成部分。Hodgkin-Huxley 类模型代表了细胞膜的生物物理特性。磷脂双分子层表示为一个电容项（<math>C_m</math>）。电压门控离子通道和漏离子通道分别用非线性(<math>g_n</math>)和线性电导(<math>g_L</math>)表示。驱动离子流动的电化学梯度用电池(<math>E</math>)表示，离子泵和离子交换器用电流源表示(<math>I_p</math>)。|链接=Special:FilePath/Hodgkin-Huxley.svg]]

 

 

 

Hodgkin-Huxley 类模型的基本组成部分。Hodgkin-Huxley 类模型代表了细胞膜的生物物理特性。磷脂双分子层表示为一个电容项（<math>C_m</math>）。电压门控离子通道和漏离子通道分别用非线性(<math>g_n</math>)和线性电导(<math>g_L</math>)表示。驱动离子流动的电化学梯度用电池(<math>E</math>)表示，离子泵和离子交换器用电流源表示(<math>I_p</math>)。

The '''Hodgkin–Huxley model''', or '''conductance-based model''', is a [[mathematical model]] that describes how [[action potential]]s in [[neuron]]s are initiated and propagated. It is a set of [[nonlinear]] [[differential equation]]s that approximates the electrical characteristics of excitable cells such as neurons and [[cardiac muscle|cardiac myocytes]]. It is a continuous-time [[dynamical system]].

The '''Hodgkin–Huxley model''', or '''conductance-based model''', is a [[mathematical model]] that describes how [[action potential]]s in [[neuron]]s are initiated and propagated. It is a set of [[nonlinear]] [[differential equation]]s that approximates the electrical characteristics of excitable cells such as neurons and [[cardiac muscle|cardiac myocytes]]. It is a continuous-time [[dynamical system]].

由此产生的转变被称为[[鸭解]]。

由此产生的转变被称为[[鸭解]]。

==Improvements and alternative models==

==改进与可替代模型==

The Hodgkin–Huxley model is regarded as one of the great achievements of 20th-century biophysics.  Nevertheless, modern Hodgkin–Huxley-type models have been extended in several important ways:

The Hodgkin–Huxley model is regarded as one of the great achievements of 20th-century biophysics.  Nevertheless, modern Hodgkin–Huxley-type models have been extended in several important ways:

一些简化的神经元模型(如 [[FitzHugh-Nagumo 模型]])也发展了出来，它们有助于对神经元群进行高效的大规模模拟，以及对动作电位产生的动力学的数学洞察。

一些简化的神经元模型(如 [[FitzHugh-Nagumo 模型]])也发展了出来，它们有助于对神经元群进行高效的大规模模拟，以及对动作电位产生的动力学的数学洞察。

==See also==

==参见==

{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}

{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}

*[[Action potential]]

*[[动作电位]]

*[[Anode break excitation]]

*[[Anode break excitation]]

*[[Autowave]]

*[[Autowave]]

*[[Biological neuron model]]

*[[生物神经元模型]]

*[[Biological neural network]]

*[[生物神经网络]]

*[[FitzHugh–Nagumo model]]

*[[FitzHugh–Nagumo模型]]

*[[Galves–Löcherbach model]]

*[[Galves–Löcherbach模型]]

*[[GHK flux equation]]

*[[GHK通量方程]]

*[[Goldman equation]]

*[[Goldman方程]]

*[[Memristor]]

*[[忆阻器]]

*[[Neural accommodation]]

*[[Neural accommodation]]

*[[Reaction–diffusion]]

*[[反应-扩散]]

*[[Theta model]]

*[[Theta模型]]

*[[Rulkov map]]

*[[Rulkov映射]]

{{div col end}}

{{div col end}}

 

==参考文献==

 

 

 

==References==

{{Reflist|33em}}

{{Reflist|33em}}

==Further reading==

==进一步阅读==

{{refbegin|33em}}

{{refbegin|33em}}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF | title = Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo | journal = The Journal of Physiology | volume = 116 | issue = 4 | pages = 449–72 | date = April 1952 | pmid = 14946713 | pmc = 1392213 | doi = 10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004717 }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF | title = Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo | journal = The Journal of Physiology | volume = 116 | issue = 4 | pages = 449–72 | date = April 1952 | pmid = 14946713 | pmc = 1392213 | doi = 10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004717 }}

*

*

= = 进一步阅读 = =

==外部链接==

 

==External links==

*[http://myselph.de/hodgkinHuxley.html Interactive Javascript simulation of the HH model ] Runs in any HTML5 – capable browser. Allows for changing the parameters of the model and current injection.

*[http://myselph.de/hodgkinHuxley.html Interactive Javascript simulation of the HH model ] Runs in any HTML5 – capable browser. Allows for changing the parameters of the model and current injection.

*[http://thevirtualheart.org/HHindex.html Interactive Java applet of the HH model ] Parameters of the model can be changed as well as excitation parameters and phase space plottings of all the variables is possible.

*[http://thevirtualheart.org/HHindex.html Interactive Java applet of the HH model ] Parameters of the model can be changed as well as excitation parameters and phase space plottings of all the variables is possible.

*ModelDB A computational neuroscience source code database containing 4 versions (in different simulators) of the original Hodgkin–Huxley model and hundreds of models that apply the Hodgkin–Huxley model to other channels in many electrically excitable cell types.

*ModelDB A computational neuroscience source code database containing 4 versions (in different simulators) of the original Hodgkin–Huxley model and hundreds of models that apply the Hodgkin–Huxley model to other channels in many electrically excitable cell types.

*Several articles about the stochastic version of the model and its link with the original one.

*Several articles about the stochastic version of the model and its link with the original one.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hodgkin-Huxley Model}}