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The primary observing systems contributing to the GCOS are the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS)<ref>{{cite news |title= WMO Integrated Global Observing System |publisher=WMO |year= 2013 |url= http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/wigos/index_en.html|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref>, the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW)<ref>{{cite news |title= Global Cryosphere Watch |publisher=WMO |year= 2013 |url= http://globalcryospherewatch.org/|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref>, and the World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS)<ref>{{cite news |title= World Hydrological Cycle Observing System |publisher=WMO |year= 2013 |url= http://www.whycos.org/whycos/|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref>, and the [[Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission]]-led Global Ocean Observing System ([[GOOS]]). A number of other domain-based and cross-domain research and operational observing systems also provide important contributions and encompass both in-situ and satellite observations. GCOS is both supported by and supports the international scientific and technical community, and the [[World Climate Research Programme]] (WCRP) co-sponsors the expert panels set up by GCOS for the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial domains. The composite observing system designated by GCOS serves as the climate-observation component of the broader [[Global Earth Observation System of Systems]] (GEOSS), and at the same time a number of specific observing-system initiatives of GEOSS contribute to the GCOS.

The primary observing systems contributing to the GCOS are the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS)<ref>{{cite news |title= WMO Integrated Global Observing System |publisher=WMO |year= 2013 |url= http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/wigos/index_en.html|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref>, the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW)<ref>{{cite news |title= Global Cryosphere Watch |publisher=WMO |year= 2013 |url= http://globalcryospherewatch.org/|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref>, and the World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS)<ref>{{cite news |title= World Hydrological Cycle Observing System |publisher=WMO |year= 2013 |url= http://www.whycos.org/whycos/|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref>, and the [[Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission]]-led Global Ocean Observing System ([[GOOS]]). A number of other domain-based and cross-domain research and operational observing systems also provide important contributions and encompass both in-situ and satellite observations. GCOS is both supported by and supports the international scientific and technical community, and the [[World Climate Research Programme]] (WCRP) co-sponsors the expert panels set up by GCOS for the atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial domains. The composite observing system designated by GCOS serves as the climate-observation component of the broader [[Global Earth Observation System of Systems]] (GEOSS), and at the same time a number of specific observing-system initiatives of GEOSS contribute to the GCOS.

为全球海洋观测系统作出贡献的主要观测系统是气象组织综合全球观测系统(WIGOS)[1]，全球冰冻圈观测系统(GCW)[2]，和世界水循环观测系统(WHYCOS)[3]，和政府间海洋学委员会领导的全球海洋观测系统(GOOS)。 其他一些基于领域和跨领域的研究和业务观测系统也提供了重要贡献，包括现场观测和卫星观测。 全球气候观测系统同时得到国际科学和技术界的支持，并支持和支持国际科学和技术。世界气候研究方案(WCRP)共同赞助了全球气候观测系统为大气、海洋和陆地领域设立的专家小组。 GCOS指定的复合观测系统是更广泛的全球地球观测系统(GEOSS)的气候观测组成部分，同时全球对地观测系统的具体观测系统举措也促进了全球气候观测系统。

为全球海洋观测系统作出贡献的主要观测系统是气象组织综合全球观测系统(WIGOS)[1]，全球冰冻圈观测系统(GCW)[2]，和世界水循环观测系统(WHYCOS)[3]，和政府间海洋学委员会领导的全球海洋观测系统(GOOS)。 其他一些基于领域和跨领域的研究和业务观测系统也提供了重要贡献，包括现场观测和卫星观测。 全球气候观测系统同时得到国际科学和技术界的支持，并支持和支持国际科学和技术。世界气候研究计划(WCRP)共同赞助了全球气候观测系统为大气、海洋和陆地领域设立的专家小组。 GCOS指定的复合观测系统是更广泛的全球地球观测系统(GEOSS)的气候观测组成部分，同时全球对地观测系统的具体观测系统举措也促进了全球气候观测系统。

==Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)    = 基本气候变量 = ={{anchor|Essential Climate Variables|ECV}}==

==Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)    = 基本气候变量 = ={{anchor|Essential Climate Variables|ECV}}==

- 促进向用户群体转让和提供数据，以及重建历史观测和代用气候数据集。

- 促进向用户群体转让和提供数据，以及重建历史观测和代用气候数据集。

===Ocean Observations Panel for Climate (OOPC)===

===Ocean Observations Panel for Climate (OOPC)  = = = 海洋气候观测小组(OOPC)===

''OOPC'', co-sponsored by GOOS, as well as GCOS and WCRP, is a scientific and technical advisory group charged with making recommendations for a sustained global ocean observing system for climate in support of the goals of its sponsors. This includes recommendations for phased implementation. The Panel also aids in the development of strategies for evaluation and evolution of the system and of its recommendations, and supports global ocean observing activities by interested parties through liaison and advocacy for the agreed observing plans.

''OOPC'', co-sponsored by GOOS, as well as GCOS and WCRP, is a scientific and technical advisory group charged with making recommendations for a sustained global ocean observing system for climate in support of the goals of its sponsors. This includes recommendations for phased implementation. The Panel also aids in the development of strategies for evaluation and evolution of the system and of its recommendations, and supports global ocean observing activities by interested parties through liaison and advocacy for the agreed observing plans.

OOPC, co-sponsored by GOOS, as well as GCOS and WCRP, is a scientific and technical advisory group charged with making recommendations for a sustained global ocean observing system for climate in support of the goals of its sponsors. This includes recommendations for phased implementation. The Panel also aids in the development of strategies for evaluation and evolution of the system and of its recommendations, and supports global ocean observing activities by interested parties through liaison and advocacy for the agreed observing plans.

OOPC, co-sponsored by GOOS, as well as GCOS and WCRP, is a scientific and technical advisory group charged with making recommendations for a sustained global ocean observing system for climate in support of the goals of its sponsors. This includes recommendations for phased implementation. The Panel also aids in the development of strategies for evaluation and evolution of the system and of its recommendations, and supports global ocean observing activities by interested parties through liaison and advocacy for the agreed observing plans.

= = = 海洋气候观测小组，由全球海洋观测系统、气候观测系统和气候变化问题世界会议共同赞助，是一个科学和技术咨询小组，负责就持续的全球海洋气候观测系统提出建议，以支持其赞助者的目标。这包括分阶段实施的建议。该小组还协助制定评价和发展该系统的战略及其建议，并通过联络和宣传商定的观测计划，支持有关各方的全球海洋观测活动。

= = = 海洋气候观测小组，由全球海洋观测系统、全球气候观测系统和世界气候研究计划共同赞助，是一个科学和技术咨询小组，负责就持续的全球海洋气候观测系统提出建议，以支持其赞助者的目标。这包括分阶段实施的建议。该小组还协助制定评价和发展该系统的战略及其建议，并通过联络和宣传商定的观测计划，支持有关各方的全球海洋观测活动。

OOPC recognizes the need for sustainable ocean observations, and the increased need to connect to societal issues in the coastal zone. OOPC's role has evolved to oversee the ocean component of the GCOS, and the physical variables for GOOS, while defining long-term observing requirements for climate research of WCRP.

OOPC recognizes the need for sustainable ocean observations, and the increased need to connect to societal issues in the coastal zone. OOPC's role has evolved to oversee the ocean component of the GCOS, and the physical variables for GOOS, while defining long-term observing requirements for climate research of WCRP.