更改

=<nowiki>= = 默认模式(Medial frontoparietal) = =</nowiki>=  

=<nowiki>= = 默认模式网络（'''<font color="#32CD32"> 内侧额顶叶</font>''' ） = =</nowiki>=  

*默认模式网络在个人清醒和休息时处于活动状态。当个体专注于面向内部的任务时，比如做白日梦、展望未来、回忆和心理理论，它就会优先激活。它与专注于外部视觉信号的大脑系统负相关。它是研究最广泛的网络。

*默认模式网络在个体清醒和休息时都处于活跃状态。当个体专注于内部导向任务，比如做白日梦、展望未来、提取回忆和'''<font color="#ff8000">心智理论Theory of mind</font>'''任务时，默认模式网络会被优先激活。它与专注于外部视觉信号的大脑系统成负相关。对默认模式网络的研究目前是所谓网络之中最为广泛的。

===Salience (Midcingulo-Insular)===

=== Salience (Midcingulo-Insular)===

{{Main|Salience network}}

{{Main|Salience network}}

*The salience network consists of several structures, including the anterior (bilateral) insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and three subcortical structures which are the ventral striatum, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental region.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Steimke|first1=Rosa|last2=Nomi|first2=Jason S.|last3=Calhoun|first3=Vince D.|last4=Stelzel|first4=Christine|last5=Paschke|first5=Lena M.|last6=Gaschler|first6=Robert|last7=Goschke|first7=Thomas|last8=Walter|first8=Henrik|last9=Uddin|first9=Lucina Q.|date=2017-12-01|title=Salience network dynamics underlying successful resistance of temptation|journal=Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience|language=en|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1928–1939|doi=10.1093/scan/nsx123|pmid=29048582|pmc=5716209|issn=1749-5016|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Menon|first=V.|title=Brain Mapping|chapter=Salience Network|date=2015-01-01|chapter-url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012397025100052X|pages=597–611|editor-last=Toga|editor-first=Arthur W.|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-397316-0|access-date=2019-12-08|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-397025-1.00052-X}}</ref> It plays the key role of monitoring the [[Salience (neuroscience)|salience]] of external inputs and internal brain events.<ref name="Riedl" /><ref name="Bressler" /><ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" /> Specifically, it aids in directing attention by identifying important biological and cognitive events.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Bailey" />

* The salience network consists of several structures, including the anterior (bilateral) insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and three subcortical structures which are the ventral striatum, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental region.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Steimke|first1=Rosa|last2=Nomi|first2=Jason S.|last3=Calhoun|first3=Vince D.|last4=Stelzel|first4=Christine|last5=Paschke|first5=Lena M.|last6=Gaschler|first6=Robert|last7=Goschke|first7=Thomas|last8=Walter|first8=Henrik|last9=Uddin|first9=Lucina Q.|date=2017-12-01|title=Salience network dynamics underlying successful resistance of temptation|journal=Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience|language=en|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1928–1939|doi=10.1093/scan/nsx123|pmid=29048582|pmc=5716209|issn=1749-5016|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Menon|first=V.|title=Brain Mapping|chapter=Salience Network|date=2015-01-01|chapter-url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012397025100052X|pages=597–611|editor-last=Toga|editor-first=Arthur W.|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-397316-0|access-date=2019-12-08|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-397025-1.00052-X}}</ref> It plays the key role of monitoring the [[Salience (neuroscience)|salience]] of external inputs and internal brain events.<ref name="Riedl" /><ref name="Bressler" /><ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" /> Specifically, it aids in directing attention by identifying important biological and cognitive events.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Bailey" />

*This network includes the ventral attention network, which primarily includes the [[temporoparietal junction]] and the ventral [[frontal cortex]] of the right hemisphere.<ref name="Uddin2019" /><ref name="Vossel" /> These areas respond when behaviorally relevant stimuli occur unexpectedly.<ref name="Vossel" /> The ventral attention network is inhibited during focused attention in which top-down processing is being used, such as when visually searching for something. This response may prevent goal-driven attention from being distracted by non-relevant stimuli. It becomes active again when the target or relevant information about the target is found.<ref name="Vossel" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shulman|first1=Gordon L.|last2=McAvoy|first2=Mark P.|last3=Cowan|first3=Melanie C.|last4=Astafiev|first4=Serguei V.|last5=Tansy|first5=Aaron P.|last6=d'Avossa|first6=Giovanni|last7=Corbetta|first7=Maurizio|date=2003-11-01|title=Quantitative Analysis of Attention and Detection Signals During Visual Search|journal=Journal of Neurophysiology|volume=90|issue=5|pages=3384–3397|doi=10.1152/jn.00343.2003|pmid=12917383|issn=0022-3077}}</ref>

*This network includes the ventral attention network, which primarily includes the [[temporoparietal junction]] and the ventral [[frontal cortex]] of the right hemisphere.<ref name="Uddin2019" /><ref name="Vossel" /> These areas respond when behaviorally relevant stimuli occur unexpectedly.<ref name="Vossel" /> The ventral attention network is inhibited during focused attention in which top-down processing is being used, such as when visually searching for something. This response may prevent goal-driven attention from being distracted by non-relevant stimuli. It becomes active again when the target or relevant information about the target is found.<ref name="Vossel" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shulman|first1=Gordon L.|last2=McAvoy|first2=Mark P.|last3=Cowan|first3=Melanie C.|last4=Astafiev|first4=Serguei V.|last5=Tansy|first5=Aaron P.|last6=d'Avossa|first6=Giovanni|last7=Corbetta|first7=Maurizio|date=2003-11-01|title=Quantitative Analysis of Attention and Detection Signals During Visual Search|journal=Journal of Neurophysiology|volume=90|issue=5|pages=3384–3397|doi=10.1152/jn.00343.2003|pmid=12917383|issn=0022-3077}}</ref>

*The salience network consists of several structures, including the anterior (bilateral) insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and three subcortical structures which are the ventral striatum, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental region. It plays the key role of monitoring the salience of external inputs and internal brain events. Specifically, it aids in directing attention by identifying important biological and cognitive events.

* The salience network consists of several structures, including the anterior (bilateral) insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and three subcortical structures which are the ventral striatum, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental region. It plays the key role of monitoring the salience of external inputs and internal brain events. Specifically, it aids in directing attention by identifying important biological and cognitive events.

*This network includes the ventral attention network, which primarily includes the temporoparietal junction and the ventral frontal cortex of the right hemisphere. These areas respond when behaviorally relevant stimuli occur unexpectedly. The ventral attention network is inhibited during focused attention in which top-down processing is being used, such as when visually searching for something. This response may prevent goal-driven attention from being distracted by non-relevant stimuli. It becomes active again when the target or relevant information about the target is found.

* This network includes the ventral attention network, which primarily includes the temporoparietal junction and the ventral frontal cortex of the right hemisphere. These areas respond when behaviorally relevant stimuli occur unexpectedly. The ventral attention network is inhibited during focused attention in which top-down processing is being used, such as when visually searching for something. This response may prevent goal-driven attention from being distracted by non-relevant stimuli. It becomes active again when the target or relevant information about the target is found.

突显网络由前(双)岛、前扣带回皮层和腹侧纹状体、黑质/腹侧被盖区3个皮层下结构组成。它起着监测外部输入和内部脑事件的显著性的关键作用。具体来说，它通过识别重要的生物学和认知事件来帮助引导注意力。

*这个网络包括腹侧注意网络，主要包括右半球的颞顶联合区和腹侧额叶皮层。当行为相关的刺激意外发生时，这些区域会做出反应。腹侧注意网络在使用自上而下加工的集中注意过程中被抑制，例如在视觉搜索某物时。这种反应可以防止目标驱动的注意力被非相关的刺激分散。当找到目标或关于目标的相关信息时，它再次激活。

*突显网络由'''<font color="#32CD32"> 前(双)岛、前扣带回皮层和三个皮层下结构（腹侧纹状体、黑质/腹侧被盖区）</font>'''组成，它在监测外部输入和内部脑活动的'''<font color="#ff8000">凸显程度Salience</font>'''中发挥着关键作用。具体来说，突显网络通过识别重要的生理、认知活动来帮助引导注意力。

*突显网络包括主要由右半球的'''<font color="#ff8000">颞顶联合区Temporoparietal junction</font>'''和腹侧'''<font color="#ff8000">额叶Frontal cortex</font>'''皮层组成的腹侧注意网络。当行为相关的刺激意外发生时，这些区域会对此做出反应。在自上而下加工注意焦点的过程中（例如使用视觉搜索某件物品时），腹侧注意网络会受到抑制。这种抑制反应可以防止目标驱动的注意力被不相关的刺激分散。当找到目标或相关信息时，突显网络会被再次激活。

===Attention (Dorsal frontoparietal)===

===Attention (Dorsal frontoparietal)===

*This network is involved in the voluntary, top-down deployment of attention. Within the dorsal attention network, the intraparietal sulcus and frontal eye fields influence the visual areas of the brain. These influencing factors allow for the orientation of attention.

*This network is involved in the voluntary, top-down deployment of attention. Within the dorsal attention network, the intraparietal sulcus and frontal eye fields influence the visual areas of the brain. These influencing factors allow for the orientation of attention.

=<nowiki>= = 注意力(背侧额顶骨) = =</nowiki>=  

=<nowiki>= = 注意网络(背侧额顶骨) = =</nowiki>=  

*这个网络参与了自发的、自上而下的注意力分配。在背侧注意网络中，顶内沟和额眼影响大脑的视觉区域。这些影响因素决定了注意力的方向。

*这个网络参与了自发的、自上而下的注意力分配。在背侧注意网络中，顶内沟和额眼影响着大脑的视觉区域。这些影响因素决定了注意力的方向。

===Control (Lateral frontoparietal)===

===Control (Lateral frontoparietal)===

{{Main|Frontoparietal network}}

{{Main|Frontoparietal network}}

*This network initiates and modulates cognitive control and comprises 18 sub-regions of the brain.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Scolari|first1=Miranda|last2=Seidl-Rathkopf|first2=Katharina N|last3=Kastner|first3=Sabine|date=2015-02-01|title=Functions of the human frontoparietal attention network: Evidence from neuroimaging|journal=Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences|series=Cognitive control|volume=1|pages=32–39|doi=10.1016/j.cobeha.2014.08.003|issn=2352-1546|pmid=27398396|pmc=4936532}}</ref> There is a strong correlation between fluid intelligence and the involvement of the fronto-parietal network with other networks.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Marek|first1=Scott|last2=Dosenbach|first2=Nico U. F.|date=June 2018|title=The frontoparietal network: function, electrophysiology, and importance of individual precision mapping|journal=Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience|volume=20|issue=2|pages=133–140|doi=10.31887/DCNS.2018.20.2/smarek|issn=1294-8322|pmc=6136121|pmid=30250390}}</ref>

* This network initiates and modulates cognitive control and comprises 18 sub-regions of the brain.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Scolari|first1=Miranda|last2=Seidl-Rathkopf|first2=Katharina N|last3=Kastner|first3=Sabine|date=2015-02-01|title=Functions of the human frontoparietal attention network: Evidence from neuroimaging|journal=Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences|series=Cognitive control|volume=1|pages=32–39|doi=10.1016/j.cobeha.2014.08.003|issn=2352-1546|pmid=27398396|pmc=4936532}}</ref> There is a strong correlation between fluid intelligence and the involvement of the fronto-parietal network with other networks.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Marek|first1=Scott|last2=Dosenbach|first2=Nico U. F.|date=June 2018|title=The frontoparietal network: function, electrophysiology, and importance of individual precision mapping|journal=Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience|volume=20|issue=2|pages=133–140|doi=10.31887/DCNS.2018.20.2/smarek|issn=1294-8322|pmc=6136121|pmid=30250390}}</ref>

*This network initiates and modulates cognitive control and comprises 18 sub-regions of the brain. There is a strong correlation between fluid intelligence and the involvement of the fronto-parietal network with other networks.

*This network initiates and modulates cognitive control and comprises 18 sub-regions of the brain. There is a strong correlation between fluid intelligence and the involvement of the fronto-parietal network with other networks.

=<nowiki>= = 控制(侧额顶骨) = =</nowiki>=  

=<nowiki>= = 控制网络(侧额顶骨) = =</nowiki>=  

*这个网络启动和调节认知控制，包括大脑的18个亚区。在流体智力和额顶网络与其他网络的参与之间有很强的相关性。

*这个网络参与了认知控制的启动与调节，它包括了大脑的18个亚区。额顶网络与其他网络的参与程度和流体智力之间存在着有很强的相关性。

*Versions of this network have also been called the central executive (or executive control) network and the cognitive control network.<ref name="Uddin2019" />

*Versions of this network have also been called the central executive (or executive control) network and the cognitive control network.<ref name="Uddin2019" />

*这种网络的版本也被称为中央执行(或执行控制)网络和认知控制网络。

*在其它版本中，这种网络也被称为中央执行(或执行控制)网络和认知控制网络。

===Sensorimotor or Somatomotor (Pericentral)===

===Sensorimotor or Somatomotor (Pericentral)===

===Visual (Occipital)===

===Visual (Occipital)===

{{See|Visual cortex}}

{{See|Visual cortex}}

*This network handles visual information processing.<ref name="Yang">{{cite journal|last1=Yang|first1=Yan-li|last2=Deng|first2=Hong-xia|last3=Xing|first3=Gui-yang|last4=Xia|first4=Xiao-luan|last5=Li|first5=Hai-fang|title=Brain functional network connectivity based on a visual task: visual information processing-related brain regions are significantly activated in the task state|journal=Neural Regeneration Research|date=2015|volume=10|issue=2|pages=298–307|doi=10.4103/1673-5374.152386|pmid=25883631|pmc=4392680 }}</ref>

* This network handles visual information processing.<ref name="Yang">{{cite journal|last1=Yang|first1=Yan-li|last2=Deng|first2=Hong-xia|last3=Xing|first3=Gui-yang|last4=Xia|first4=Xiao-luan|last5=Li|first5=Hai-fang|title=Brain functional network connectivity based on a visual task: visual information processing-related brain regions are significantly activated in the task state|journal=Neural Regeneration Research|date=2015|volume=10|issue=2|pages=298–307|doi=10.4103/1673-5374.152386|pmid=25883631|pmc=4392680 }}</ref>

*This network handles visual information processing.

* This network handles visual information processing.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = 这个网络处理视觉信息。

= = = = = = = = = = = = = 这个网络处理视觉信息。

==Other networks==

== Other networks==

Different methods and data have identified several other brain networks, many of which greatly overlap or are subsets of more well-characterized core networks.<ref name="Uddin2019" />

Different methods and data have identified several other brain networks, many of which greatly overlap or are subsets of more well-characterized core networks.<ref name="Uddin2019" />

*Limbic<ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Bailey" />

*Limbic<ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Bailey" />