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| + | ==核心网络== |
| =<nowiki>= = 核心网络 = =</nowiki>= | | =<nowiki>= = 核心网络 = =</nowiki>= |
| 【图1:An example that identified 10 large-scale brain networks from resting state fMRI activity through independent component analysis.<ref name="Heine" />这是一个通过独立元素分析方法从静息状态脑功能性磁共振成像信号中分辨出10个大规模脑网络的例子。<ref name="Heine" />】 | | 【图1:An example that identified 10 large-scale brain networks from resting state fMRI activity through independent component analysis.<ref name="Heine" />这是一个通过独立元素分析方法从静息状态脑功能性磁共振成像信号中分辨出10个大规模脑网络的例子。<ref name="Heine" />】 |
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| + | ===默认模式网络(内侧额顶骨)=== |
| =<nowiki>= = 默认模式网络(内侧额顶叶) = =</nowiki>= | | =<nowiki>= = 默认模式网络(内侧额顶叶) = =</nowiki>= |
| *默认模式网络在个体清醒和休息时都处于活跃状态。当个体专注于内部导向任务,比如做白日梦、展望未来、提取回忆和'''<font color="#ff8000">心智理论Theory of mind</font>'''任务时,默认模式网络会被优先激活。它与专注于外部视觉信号的大脑系统成负相关。对默认模式网络的研究目前是所谓网络之中最为广泛的。<ref name="Bressler" /><ref name="Bassett" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name="Riedl" /><ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Bell" /><ref name="Heine" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" /><ref name="Bailey" /> | | *默认模式网络在个体清醒和休息时都处于活跃状态。当个体专注于内部导向任务,比如做白日梦、展望未来、提取回忆和'''<font color="#ff8000">心智理论Theory of mind</font>'''任务时,默认模式网络会被优先激活。它与专注于外部视觉信号的大脑系统成负相关。对默认模式网络的研究目前是所谓网络之中最为广泛的。<ref name="Bressler" /><ref name="Bassett" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name="Riedl" /><ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Bell" /><ref name="Heine" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" /><ref name="Bailey" /> |
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− | ===Salience (Midcingulo-Insular)=== | + | === Salience (Midcingulo-Insular)=== |
| {{Main|Salience network}} | | {{Main|Salience network}} |
| *The salience network consists of several structures, including the anterior (bilateral) insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and three subcortical structures which are the ventral striatum, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental region.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|last1=Steimke|first1=Rosa|last2=Nomi|first2=Jason S.|last3=Calhoun|first3=Vince D.|last4=Stelzel|first4=Christine|last5=Paschke|first5=Lena M.|last6=Gaschler|first6=Robert|last7=Goschke|first7=Thomas|last8=Walter|first8=Henrik|last9=Uddin|first9=Lucina Q.|date=2017-12-01|title=Salience network dynamics underlying successful resistance of temptation|journal=Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience|language=en|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1928–1939|doi=10.1093/scan/nsx123|pmid=29048582|pmc=5716209|issn=1749-5016|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Menon|first=V.|title=Brain Mapping|chapter=Salience Network|date=2015-01-01|chapter-url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012397025100052X|pages=597–611|editor-last=Toga|editor-first=Arthur W.|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-397316-0|access-date=2019-12-08|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-397025-1.00052-X}}</ref> It plays the key role of monitoring the [[Salience (neuroscience)|salience]] of external inputs and internal brain events.<ref name="Riedl" /><ref name="Bressler" /><ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" /> Specifically, it aids in directing attention by identifying important biological and cognitive events.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Bailey" /> | | *The salience network consists of several structures, including the anterior (bilateral) insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and three subcortical structures which are the ventral striatum, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental region.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|last1=Steimke|first1=Rosa|last2=Nomi|first2=Jason S.|last3=Calhoun|first3=Vince D.|last4=Stelzel|first4=Christine|last5=Paschke|first5=Lena M.|last6=Gaschler|first6=Robert|last7=Goschke|first7=Thomas|last8=Walter|first8=Henrik|last9=Uddin|first9=Lucina Q.|date=2017-12-01|title=Salience network dynamics underlying successful resistance of temptation|journal=Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience|language=en|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1928–1939|doi=10.1093/scan/nsx123|pmid=29048582|pmc=5716209|issn=1749-5016|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Menon|first=V.|title=Brain Mapping|chapter=Salience Network|date=2015-01-01|chapter-url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012397025100052X|pages=597–611|editor-last=Toga|editor-first=Arthur W.|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-397316-0|access-date=2019-12-08|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-397025-1.00052-X}}</ref> It plays the key role of monitoring the [[Salience (neuroscience)|salience]] of external inputs and internal brain events.<ref name="Riedl" /><ref name="Bressler" /><ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" /> Specifically, it aids in directing attention by identifying important biological and cognitive events.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Bailey" /> |
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| + | ===突显网络(扣带回-岛叶)=== |
| =<nowiki>= = 突显网络(扣带回-岛叶)= =</nowiki>= | | =<nowiki>= = 突显网络(扣带回-岛叶)= =</nowiki>= |
| *突显网络由'''<font color="#32CD32"> 前(双)岛、前扣带回皮层和三个皮层下结构(腹侧纹状体、黑质/腹侧被盖区)</font>'''组成,<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":0" />它在监测外部输入和内部脑活动的'''<font color="#ff8000">凸显程度Salience</font>'''中发挥着关键作用。<ref name="Riedl" /><ref name="Bressler" /><ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" />具体来说,突显网络通过识别重要的生理、认知活动来帮助引导注意力。<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Bailey" /> | | *突显网络由'''<font color="#32CD32"> 前(双)岛、前扣带回皮层和三个皮层下结构(腹侧纹状体、黑质/腹侧被盖区)</font>'''组成,<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":0" />它在监测外部输入和内部脑活动的'''<font color="#ff8000">凸显程度Salience</font>'''中发挥着关键作用。<ref name="Riedl" /><ref name="Bressler" /><ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" />具体来说,突显网络通过识别重要的生理、认知活动来帮助引导注意力。<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Bailey" /> |
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| + | ===注意网络(背侧额顶骨)=== |
| =<nowiki>= = 注意网络(背侧额顶骨) = =</nowiki>= | | =<nowiki>= = 注意网络(背侧额顶骨) = =</nowiki>= |
| *这个网络参与了自发的、自上而下的注意力分配。<ref name="Riedl" /><ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Bell" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" /><ref name="Vossel" /><ref name="Hutton" />在背侧注意网络中,顶内沟和额眼影响着大脑的视觉区域。这些影响因素决定了注意力的方向。<ref name=":13" /><ref name="Vossel" /><ref name="Bailey" /> | | *这个网络参与了自发的、自上而下的注意力分配。<ref name="Riedl" /><ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Bell" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" /><ref name="Vossel" /><ref name="Hutton" />在背侧注意网络中,顶内沟和额眼影响着大脑的视觉区域。这些影响因素决定了注意力的方向。<ref name=":13" /><ref name="Vossel" /><ref name="Bailey" /> |
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| + | ===控制网络(侧额顶骨)=== |
| =<nowiki>= = 控制网络(侧额顶骨) = =</nowiki>= | | =<nowiki>= = 控制网络(侧额顶骨) = =</nowiki>= |
| *这个网络参与了认知控制的启动与调节,它包括了大脑的18个亚区。<ref name=":14" />额顶网络与其他网络的参与程度和流体智力之间存在着有很强的相关性。<ref name=":15" /> | | *这个网络参与了认知控制的启动与调节,它包括了大脑的18个亚区。<ref name=":14" />额顶网络与其他网络的参与程度和流体智力之间存在着有很强的相关性。<ref name=":15" /> |
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| *This network processes somatosensory information and coordinates motion.<ref name="Heine" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" /><ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yuan" /> The [[auditory cortex]] may be included.<ref name="Uddin2019" /><ref name="Yeo" /> | | *This network processes somatosensory information and coordinates motion.<ref name="Heine" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" /><ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yuan" /> The [[auditory cortex]] may be included.<ref name="Uddin2019" /><ref name="Yeo" /> |
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| + | ===感觉运动网络(中央区域)=== |
| =<nowiki>= = 感觉运动网络(中央区域) = =</nowiki>= | | =<nowiki>= = 感觉运动网络(中央区域) = =</nowiki>= |
| *这个网络参与了躯体感觉信息的加工和运动的协调。<ref name="Heine" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" /><ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yuan" />'''<font color="#ff8000">听觉皮层Auditory cortex</font>'''可能也包括在内。<ref name="Uddin2019" /><ref name="Yeo" /> | | *这个网络参与了躯体感觉信息的加工和运动的协调。<ref name="Heine" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Shafiei" /><ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yuan" />'''<font color="#ff8000">听觉皮层Auditory cortex</font>'''可能也包括在内。<ref name="Uddin2019" /><ref name="Yeo" /> |
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| *This network handles visual information processing.<ref name="Yang">{{cite journal|last1=Yang|first1=Yan-li|last2=Deng|first2=Hong-xia|last3=Xing|first3=Gui-yang|last4=Xia|first4=Xiao-luan|last5=Li|first5=Hai-fang|title=Brain functional network connectivity based on a visual task: visual information processing-related brain regions are significantly activated in the task state|journal=Neural Regeneration Research|date=2015|volume=10|issue=2|pages=298–307|doi=10.4103/1673-5374.152386|pmid=25883631|pmc=4392680 }}</ref> | | *This network handles visual information processing.<ref name="Yang">{{cite journal|last1=Yang|first1=Yan-li|last2=Deng|first2=Hong-xia|last3=Xing|first3=Gui-yang|last4=Xia|first4=Xiao-luan|last5=Li|first5=Hai-fang|title=Brain functional network connectivity based on a visual task: visual information processing-related brain regions are significantly activated in the task state|journal=Neural Regeneration Research|date=2015|volume=10|issue=2|pages=298–307|doi=10.4103/1673-5374.152386|pmid=25883631|pmc=4392680 }}</ref> |
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| + | ===视觉网络(枕部)=== |
| =<nowiki>= = 视觉网络(枕部) = =</nowiki>= | | =<nowiki>= = 视觉网络(枕部) = =</nowiki>= |
| *这个网络处理视觉信息。<ref name="Yang" /> | | *这个网络处理视觉信息。<ref name="Yang" /> |
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| ==Other networks== | | ==Other networks== |
| Different methods and data have identified several other brain networks, many of which greatly overlap or are subsets of more well-characterized core networks.<ref name="Uddin2019" /> | | Different methods and data have identified several other brain networks, many of which greatly overlap or are subsets of more well-characterized core networks.<ref name="Uddin2019" /> |
− | * Limbic<ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Bailey" /> | + | *Limbic<ref name="Bassett" /><ref name="Yeo" /><ref name="Bailey" /> |
| *Auditory<ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /> | | *Auditory<ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /> |
| *Right/left executive<ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /> | | *Right/left executive<ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /> |
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| *Visual perception/imagery<ref name="Hutton" /> | | *Visual perception/imagery<ref name="Hutton" /> |
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| + | ==其他网络== |
| =<nowiki>= = 其他网络 = =</nowiki>= | | =<nowiki>= = 其他网络 = =</nowiki>= |
| 不同的方法和数据已经能够确定上述核心网络以外的几个大脑网络,其中许多网络之间存在极大的重叠,部分网络实际上是核心网络更具特点的子集。<ref name="Uddin2019" /> | | 不同的方法和数据已经能够确定上述核心网络以外的几个大脑网络,其中许多网络之间存在极大的重叠,部分网络实际上是核心网络更具特点的子集。<ref name="Uddin2019" /> |
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| *听觉网络<ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /> | | *听觉网络<ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /> |
| *右/左执行网络<ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /> | | *右/左执行网络<ref name="Yuan" /><ref name="Heine" /> |
− | * 小脑网络<ref name="Bell" /><ref name="Heine" /> | + | *小脑网络<ref name="Bell" /><ref name="Heine" /> |
| *空间注意网络<ref name="Riedl" /><ref name="Bressler" /> | | *空间注意网络<ref name="Riedl" /><ref name="Bressler" /> |
| *语言网络<ref name="Bressler" /><ref name="Hutton" /> | | *语言网络<ref name="Bressler" /><ref name="Hutton" /> |
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| *[[Neural network]] | | *[[Neural network]] |
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| + | ==相关词条== |
| =<nowiki>= = 相关词条 = =</nowiki>= | | =<nowiki>= = 相关词条 = =</nowiki>= |
| *[[复杂网络]] | | *[[复杂网络]] |