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第29行： − + − 在“原始模式”的基础上，早期的遥相关理论大多涉及一个恒定平均状态下的正压线性化大气流动模式。然而，当发现实际的遥相关模式对强迫的位置几乎不敏感时，这个模型很快就失效了，这直接与这个简单情景所提供的预测相矛盾。西蒙斯和他的合作者表明，根据观察，如果一个更现实背景状态被指定，它将变得不稳定，无论强迫的位置如何，都会导致一类似的模式。这种“模态”特性最终被证明是模式正压性的人为产物，尽管在更为现实的模式中出现了更为微妙的原因。+
→Theory 理论
Building upon the "proto-model", much of the early theory of teleconnections dealt with [[barotropic]], [[linear]]ized model of atmospheric flow about a constant mean state. However, the model was soon invalidated when it was discovered that actual teleconnection patterns were nearly insensitive to the location of the forcing, in direct contradiction with the predictions offered by this simple picture.
Building upon the "proto-model", much of the early theory of teleconnections dealt with [[barotropic]], [[linear]]ized model of atmospheric flow about a constant mean state. However, the model was soon invalidated when it was discovered that actual teleconnection patterns were nearly insensitive to the location of the forcing, in direct contradiction with the predictions offered by this simple picture.
Simmons and collaborators<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1363:BWPAIA>2.0.CO;2 |year=1983 |volume=40 |pages=1363 |title=Barotropic Wave Propagation and Instability, and Atmospheric Teleconnection Patterns |last1=Simmons |first1=A. J. |last2=Wallace |first2=J. M. |last3=Branstator |first3=G. W. |journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |issue=6|bibcode = 1983JAtS...40.1363S |doi-access=free }}</ref> showed that if a more realistic background state was prescribed, it would become [[unstable]], leading to a similar pattern regardless of the location of the forcing, in accordance to observations. This "modal" property turned out to be an artifact of the barotropicity of the model, though it has appeared for more subtle reasons in more realistic models.
Simmons and collaborators<ref name=":10">{{cite journal |doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1363:BWPAIA>2.0.CO;2 |year=1983 |volume=40 |pages=1363 |title=Barotropic Wave Propagation and Instability, and Atmospheric Teleconnection Patterns |last1=Simmons |first1=A. J. |last2=Wallace |first2=J. M. |last3=Branstator |first3=G. W. |journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |issue=6|bibcode = 1983JAtS...40.1363S |doi-access=free }}</ref> showed that if a more realistic background state was prescribed, it would become [[unstable]], leading to a similar pattern regardless of the location of the forcing, in accordance to observations. This "modal" property turned out to be an artifact of the barotropicity of the model, though it has appeared for more subtle reasons in more realistic models.
在“原始模式”的基础上，早期的遥相关理论大多涉及一个恒定平均状态下的正压线性化大气流动模式。然而，当发现实际的遥相关模式对强迫的位置几乎不敏感时，这个模型很快就失效了，这直接与这个简单情景所提供的预测相矛盾。西蒙斯和他的合作者<ref name=":10" /> 表明，根据观察，如果一个更现实背景状态被指定，它将变得不稳定，无论强迫的位置如何，都会导致一类似的模式。这种“模态”特性最终被证明是模式正压性的人为产物，尽管在更为现实的模式中出现了更为微妙的原因。
More recent work has shown that most teleconnections from the tropics to the extratropics can be understood to surprising accuracy by the propagation of linear, [[planetary waves]] upon a 3-dimensional seasonally-varying basic state.<ref name=":4">{{cite journal |doi=10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2125:NWSWTA>2.0.CO;2 |year=2002 |volume=15 |pages=2125 |title=Northern Winter Stationary Waves: Theory and Modeling |last1=Held |first1=Isaac M. |last2=Ting |first2=Mingfang |last3=Wang |first3=Hailan |journal=Journal of Climate |issue=16|bibcode = 2002JCli...15.2125H |citeseerx=10.1.1.140.5658 }}</ref> Because the patterns are persistent over time and somewhat "locked" to geographical features such as mountain ranges, these waves are called ''[[standing wave|stationary]]''.
More recent work has shown that most teleconnections from the tropics to the extratropics can be understood to surprising accuracy by the propagation of linear, [[planetary waves]] upon a 3-dimensional seasonally-varying basic state.<ref name=":4">{{cite journal |doi=10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2125:NWSWTA>2.0.CO;2 |year=2002 |volume=15 |pages=2125 |title=Northern Winter Stationary Waves: Theory and Modeling |last1=Held |first1=Isaac M. |last2=Ting |first2=Mingfang |last3=Wang |first3=Hailan |journal=Journal of Climate |issue=16|bibcode = 2002JCli...15.2125H |citeseerx=10.1.1.140.5658 }}</ref> Because the patterns are persistent over time and somewhat "locked" to geographical features such as mountain ranges, these waves are called ''[[standing wave|stationary]]''.