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===杰瓦努 Jeewanu===

===杰瓦努 Jeewanu===

杰瓦努原始细胞是具有细胞样结构的合成化学粒子，似乎具有一定的功能活性。<ref name="Grote 2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grote M | title = Jeewanu, or the 'particles of life'. The approach of Krishna Bahadur in 20th century origin of life research | journal = Journal of Biosciences | volume = 36 | issue = 4 | pages = 563–570 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21857103 | doi = 10.1007/s12038-011-9087-0 | url = http://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci/grote_3677.pdf | url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140323225723/http://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci/grote_3677.pdf | archive-date = 2014-03-23 }}</ref>1963年首次在阳光下由简单矿物质和基本有机物合成，据报道它仍然具有一些新陈代谢能力，包括半透膜、氨基酸、磷脂、碳水化合物和类 RNA分子。然而，杰瓦努的性质和属性仍有待澄清。<ref name="Grote 2011" /><ref name="Gupta 2013">{{cite journal |title=Histochemical localisation of RNA-like material in photochemically formed self-sustaining, abiogenic supramolecular assemblies 'Jeewanu' |journal=Int. Res. J. Of Science & Engineering |date=2013 | vauthors = Gupta VK, Rai RK |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |issn=2322-0015 }}</ref> However, the nature and properties of the Jeewanu remains to be clarified.<ref name="Grote 2011" /><ref name="Gupta 2013" /><ref name="NASA 1967">{{cite journal |first1=Linda D. |last1=Caren |first2=Cyril |last2=Ponnamperuma |year=1967 |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19670026284.pdf |title=A review of some experiments on the synthesis of 'Jeewanu' |journal=NASA Technical Memorandum X-1439 }}</ref>

杰瓦努原始细胞是具有细胞样结构的合成化学粒子，似乎具有一定的功能活性。<ref name="Grote 2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grote M | title = Jeewanu, or the 'particles of life'. The approach of Krishna Bahadur in 20th century origin of life research | journal = Journal of Biosciences | volume = 36 | issue = 4 | pages = 563–570 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21857103 | doi = 10.1007/s12038-011-9087-0 | url = http://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci/grote_3677.pdf | url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140323225723/http://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci/grote_3677.pdf | archive-date = 2014-03-23 }}</ref>1963年首次在阳光下由简单矿物质和基本有机物合成，据报道它仍然具有一些新陈代谢能力，包括半透膜、氨基酸、磷脂、碳水化合物和类 RNA分子。然而，杰瓦努的性质和属性仍有待澄清。<ref name="Grote 2011" /><ref name="Gupta 2013">{{cite journal |title=Histochemical localisation of RNA-like material in photochemically formed self-sustaining, abiogenic supramolecular assemblies 'Jeewanu' |journal=Int. Res. J. Of Science & Engineering |date=2013 | vauthors = Gupta VK, Rai RK |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |issn=2322-0015 }}</ref><ref name="NASA 1967">{{cite journal |first1=Linda D. |last1=Caren |first2=Cyril |last2=Ponnamperuma |year=1967 |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19670026284.pdf |title=A review of some experiments on the synthesis of 'Jeewanu' |journal=NASA Technical Memorandum X-1439 }}</ref>