更改

'''Membrane potential''' (also '''transmembrane potential''' or '''membrane voltage''') is the difference in [[electric potential]] between the interior and the exterior of a biological [[Cell (biology)|cell]]. That is, there is a difference in the energy required for electric charges to move from the internal to exterior cellular environments and vice versa, as long as there is no acquisition of kinetic energy or the production of radiation. The concentration gradients of the charges directly determine this energy requirement. For the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential, normally given in units of [[milli]][[volt]]s and denoted as mV, range from –80 mV to –40 mV.

'''Membrane potential''' (also '''transmembrane potential''' or '''membrane voltage''') is the difference in [[electric potential]] between the interior and the exterior of a biological [[Cell (biology)|cell]]. That is, there is a difference in the energy required for electric charges to move from the internal to exterior cellular environments and vice versa, as long as there is no acquisition of kinetic energy or the production of radiation. The concentration gradients of the charges directly determine this energy requirement. For the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential, normally given in units of [[milli]][[volt]]s and denoted as mV, range from –80 mV to –40 mV.

= 膜电位（也叫跨膜电位或膜电压）是生物细胞内部和外部的电位差。也就是说，只要没有获得动能或产生辐射，电荷从细胞内环境移动到细胞外环境所需的能量是不同的，反之亦然。电荷的浓度梯度直接决定这种能量要求。对细胞外部，典型的膜电位值，通常以毫伏为单位，表示为 mV，范围从 -80 mV 到 -40 mV。 =

膜电位（也叫跨膜电位或膜电压）是生物细胞内部和外部的电位差。也就是说，只要没有获得动能或产生辐射，电荷从细胞内环境移动到细胞外环境所需的能量是不同的，反之亦然。电荷的浓度梯度直接决定这种能量要求。对细胞外部，典型的膜电位值，通常以毫伏为单位，表示为 mV，范围从 -80 mV 到 -40 mV。

 

All animal cells are surrounded by a [[cell membrane|membrane]] composed of a [[lipid bilayer]] with [[protein]]s embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of [[ion]]s. [[Transmembrane proteins]], also known as [[ion transporter]] or [[ion transporter|ion pump]] proteins, actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and [[ion channel]]s allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of [[battery (electricity)|batteries]] and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage between the two sides of the membrane.

All animal cells are surrounded by a [[cell membrane|membrane]] composed of a [[lipid bilayer]] with [[protein]]s embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of [[ion]]s. [[Transmembrane proteins]], also known as [[ion transporter]] or [[ion transporter|ion pump]] proteins, actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and [[ion channel]]s allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of [[battery (electricity)|batteries]] and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage between the two sides of the membrane.