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删除2,785字节 、 2022年6月17日 (五) 05:22
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对于一个符合Pareto分布随机变量的大于或等于某个特定的数<math>x_1</math>  >  <math>x_\text{m}</math>的条件概率分布,其就是具有相同的帕累托指数的帕累托分布但是其最小值为<math>x_1</math>而不是<math>x_\text{m}</math>。
 
对于一个符合Pareto分布随机变量的大于或等于某个特定的数<math>x_1</math>  >  <math>x_\text{m}</math>的条件概率分布,其就是具有相同的帕累托指数的帕累托分布但是其最小值为<math>x_1</math>而不是<math>x_\text{m}</math>。
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The [[conditional probability distribution]] of a Pareto-distributed random variable, given the event that it is greater than or equal to a particular number&nbsp;<math>x_1</math> exceeding <math>x_\text{m}</math>, is a Pareto distribution with the same Pareto index&nbsp;<math>\alpha</math> but with minimum&nbsp;<math>x_1</math> instead of <math>x_\text{m}</math>.
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对于一个符合帕累托分布随机变量的条件概率分布cdf,如果它大于或等于某个特定的数number&nbsp,<nowiki><math>x_1</math></nowiki> > <nowiki><math>x_\text{m}</math></nowiki>则称他们具有相同的帕累托指数的帕累托分布index&nbsp,但是具有最小的<math>x_1</math>而不是<math>x_\text{m}</math>。
      
===A characterization theorem一个特征定理===
 
===A characterization theorem一个特征定理===
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Suppose X_1, X_2, X_3, \dotsc are independent identically distributed random variables whose probability distribution is supported on the interval [x_\text{m},\infty) for some x_\text{m}>0. Suppose that for all n, the two random variables \min\{X_1,\dotsc,X_n\} and (X_1+\dotsb+X_n)/\min\{X_1,\dotsc,X_n\} are independent. Then the common distribution is a Pareto distribution.
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假设<math>X_1, X_2, X_3, \dotsc</math>是独立同分布的随机变量,其概率分布在区间<math>[x_\text{m},\infty)</math> 上,对于某些<math>x_\text{m}>0</math>成立。假设对于所有<math>n</math>,两个随机变量<math>\min\{X_1,\dotsc,X_n\}</math> and <math>(X_1+\dotsb+X_n)/\min\{X_1,\dotsc,X_n\}</math> 相互独立,那么其公共分布就是<font color="#ff8000"> 帕累托分布</font>。{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}
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假设<math>X_1, X_2, X_3, \dotsc</math>是独立同分布的随机变量,其概率分布在区间<math>[x_\text{m},\infty)</math> 上,<math>x_\text{m}>0</math>。假设对于所有<math>n</math>,两个随机变量<math>\min\{X_1,\dotsc,X_n\}</math> and <math>(X_1+\dotsb+X_n)/\min\{X_1,\dotsc,X_n\}</math> 相互独立,那么其共同分布就是<font color="#ff8000">帕累托分布</font>。{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}
 
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Suppose <math>X_1, X_2, X_3, \dotsc</math> are [[independent identically distributed]] [[random variable]]s whose probability distribution is supported on the interval <math>[x_\text{m},\infty)</math> for some <math>x_\text{m}>0</math>. Suppose that for all <math>n</math>, the two random variables <math>\min\{X_1,\dotsc,X_n\}</math> and <math>(X_1+\dotsb+X_n)/\min\{X_1,\dotsc,X_n\}</math> are independent. Then the common distribution is a Pareto distribution.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}
      
===Geometric mean几何平均数===
 
===Geometric mean几何平均数===
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The geometric mean (G) is
 
The geometric mean (G) is
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<font color="#ff8000"> 几何平均数(G)</font>
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<font color="#ff8000"> 几何平均数 geometric mean (G)</font><ref name="Johnson1994">Johnson NL, Kotz S, Balakrishnan N (1994) Continuous univariate distributions Vol 1. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics.</ref>是:
 
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The [[geometric mean]] (''G'') is<ref name=Johnson1994>Johnson NL, Kotz S, Balakrishnan N (1994) Continuous univariate distributions Vol 1. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics.</ref>
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[[几何平均值]] (“G”)是<ref name=Johnson1994>Johnson NL,Kotz S,Balakrishnan(1994)连续单变量分布第1卷。概率统计中的威利级数。</ref>
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  G = x_\text{m} \exp \left( \frac{1}{\alpha} \right).
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G = x _ text { m } exp left (frac {1}{ alpha } right).
      
: <math> G = x_\text{m} \exp \left( \frac{1}{\alpha} \right).</math>
 
: <math> G = x_\text{m} \exp \left( \frac{1}{\alpha} \right).</math>
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===Harmonic mean调和平均数===
 
===Harmonic mean调和平均数===
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The harmonic mean (H) is of Pareto distributions known as Pareto Type I, II, III, IV, and Feller–Pareto distributions. Pareto Type IV contains Pareto Type I–III as special cases. The Feller–Pareto distribution generalizes Pareto Type IV.
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<font color="#ff8000"> 调何平均数(H)</font>是帕累托分布,称为帕累托 i 型、 II 型、 III 型、 IV 型和 Feller-帕累托分布。帕累托类型 IV 包含帕累托类型 i-III 作为特殊情况。Feller-帕累托分布推广了 Pareto 第四型。
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The [[harmonic mean]] (''H'') is<ref name="Johnson1994"/>
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<!--- In this context using x_m for the lower bound for the scale parameter is not meaningful, usual notation is \sigma --->
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< ! ——在这种情况下,使用 x _ m 作为刻度参数的下限是没有意义的,通常的表示法是 sigma —— >
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<font color="#ff8000">调何平均数</font> [[harmonic mean]] (''H'') 有<ref name="Johnson1994" />:
 
: <math> H = x_\text{m} \left( 1 + \frac{ 1 }{ \alpha } \right).</math>
 
: <math> H = x_\text{m} \left( 1 + \frac{ 1 }{ \alpha } \right).</math>
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===Graphical representation图示法===
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The Pareto distribution hierarchy is summarized in the next table comparing the survival functions (complementary CDF).
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当在线性轴上绘制时,分布曲线为我们熟知的的J形曲线,该曲线[[渐近]]地接近每个正交轴。在[[双对数图|双对数图log-log plot]]中绘制时,分布则是直线表示,即对于''x'' ≥ ''x''<sub>m的</sub>概率密度函数。
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下表总结了帕累托分布的层次结构,比较了生存函数(补充的 CDF)
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:<math>\log f_X(x)= \log \left(\alpha\frac{x_\mathrm{m}^\alpha}{x^{\alpha+1}}\right) = \log (\alpha x_\mathrm{m}^\alpha) - (\alpha+1) \log x.</math>
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===Graphical representation图示法===
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由于''α''在公式中为正,因此梯度''−(α&nbsp;+&nbsp;1)''为负。
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The characteristic curved '[[long tail]]' distribution when plotted on a linear scale, masks the underlying simplicity of the function when plotted on a [[log-log graph]], which then takes the form of a straight line with negative gradient: It follows from the formula for the probability density function that for ''x'' ≥ ''x''<sub>m</sub>,
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当在线性标度上绘制时,“[[长尾]]”分布特征曲线在[[对数曲线图]]上绘制时,掩盖了函数潜在的简单性,然后采用负梯度的直线形式:根据概率密度函数的公式,对于''x'' ≥ ''x''<sub>m</sub>,
      
When μ = 0, the Pareto distribution Type II is also known as the Lomax distribution.
 
When μ = 0, the Pareto distribution Type II is also known as the Lomax distribution.
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当 μ = 0时,'''<font color="#ff8000">帕累托分布 II 型 Pareto distribution Type II</font>'''也称为'''<font color="#ff8000">洛马克斯分布Lomax distribution</font>'''。
 
当 μ = 0时,'''<font color="#ff8000">帕累托分布 II 型 Pareto distribution Type II</font>'''也称为'''<font color="#ff8000">洛马克斯分布Lomax distribution</font>'''。
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In this section, the symbol xm, used before to indicate the minimum value of x, is replaced by&nbsp;σ.
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在本节中,符号 xm (前面用来表示 x 的最小值)被 σ 替换。
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:<math>\log f_X(x)= \log \left(\alpha\frac{x_\mathrm{m}^\alpha}{x^{\alpha+1}}\right) = \log (\alpha x_\mathrm{m}^\alpha) - (\alpha+1) \log x.</math>
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In this section, the symbol xm, used before to indicate the minimum value of x, is replaced by&nbsp;σ.
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在本节中,符号 xm (前面用来表示 x 的最小值)被 σ 替换。
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The Pareto distribution hierarchy is summarized in the next table comparing the survival functions (complementary CDF).
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下表总结了帕累托分布的层次结构,比较了生存函数(补充的 CDF)。
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Since ''α'' is positive, the gradient −(''α''&nbsp;+&nbsp;1) is negative.
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由于“α”为正,因此梯度−(''α''&nbsp;+&nbsp;1)为负。
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帕累托分布的<font color="#ff8000">调何平均数(H)有</font>帕累托 I 型、 II 型、 III 型、 IV 型和 Feller-Pareto分布。帕累托 IV 型是帕累托类型 I-III 中的特殊情况。Feller-Pareto分布推广了帕累托 IV 型。
    
{|class="wikitable" border="1"
 
{|class="wikitable" border="1"
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那么“W”具有Feller-Pareto分布FP(''μ'', ''σ'', ''γ'', ''γ''<sub>1</sub>, ''γ''<sub>2</sub>)。<ref name=arnold/>
 
那么“W”具有Feller-Pareto分布FP(''μ'', ''σ'', ''γ'', ''γ''<sub>1</sub>, ''γ''<sub>2</sub>)。<ref name=arnold/>
 
  <math>
 
  <math>
   
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    《数学》
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    《数学》
   
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    \begin{align}
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    \begin{align}
   
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    开始{ align }
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    开始{ align }
   
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    If <math>U_1 \sim \Gamma(\delta_1, 1)</math> and <math>U_2 \sim \Gamma(\delta_2, 1)</math> are independent [[Gamma distribution|Gamma variables]], another construction of a Feller–Pareto (FP) variable is<ref>{{cite book |last=Chotikapanich |first=Duangkamon |title=Modeling Income Distributions and Lorenz Curves |chapter=Chapter 7: Pareto and Generalized Pareto Distributions |date=16 September 2008 |pages=121–22 |isbn=9780387727967 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUJZZLj1kbwC}}</ref>
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    If <math>U_1 \sim \Gamma(\delta_1, 1)</math> and <math>U_2 \sim \Gamma(\delta_2, 1)</math> are independent [[Gamma distribution|Gamma variables]], another construction of a Feller–Pareto (FP) variable is<ref>{{cite book |last=Chotikapanich |first=Duangkamon |title=Modeling Income Distributions and Lorenz Curves |chapter=Chapter 7: Pareto and Generalized Pareto Distributions |date=16 September 2008 |pages=121–22 |isbn=9780387727967 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUJZZLj1kbwC}}</ref>
    
如果<math>U_1 \sim \Gamma(\delta_1, 1)</math> 和 <math>U_2 \sim \Gamma(\delta_2, 1)</math>是相互独立的[[伽马分布|伽马变量],Feller-Pareto(FP)变量的另一个构造是<ref>{{cite book |last=Chotikapanich |first=Duangkamon |title=Modeling Income Distributions and Lorenz Curves |chapter=Chapter 7: Pareto and Generalized Pareto Distributions |date=16 September 2008 |pages=121–22 |isbn=9780387727967 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUJZZLj1kbwC}}</ref>
 
如果<math>U_1 \sim \Gamma(\delta_1, 1)</math> 和 <math>U_2 \sim \Gamma(\delta_2, 1)</math>是相互独立的[[伽马分布|伽马变量],Feller-Pareto(FP)变量的另一个构造是<ref>{{cite book |last=Chotikapanich |first=Duangkamon |title=Modeling Income Distributions and Lorenz Curves |chapter=Chapter 7: Pareto and Generalized Pareto Distributions |date=16 September 2008 |pages=121–22 |isbn=9780387727967 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUJZZLj1kbwC}}</ref>
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