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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure involving the placement of a medical device called a neurostimulator, which sends electrical impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific targets in the brain (the brain nucleus) for the treatment of movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and other conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and epilepsy. While its underlying principles and mechanisms are not fully understood, DBS directly changes brain activity in a controlled manner.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure involving the placement of a medical device called a neurostimulator, which sends electrical impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific targets in the brain (the brain nucleus) for the treatment of movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and other conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and epilepsy. While its underlying principles and mechanisms are not fully understood, DBS directly changes brain activity in a controlled manner.

脑深部电刺激(DBS)是神经外科手术（[[neurosurgery|neurosurgical]])中的操作之一，包括放置一种叫做神经刺激器( [[neurostimulator]])的医疗设备，通过植入的电极([[electrode]])将电脉冲发送到大脑([[brain]])中的特定目标(脑核([[Nucleus (neuroanatomy)|brain nucleus]])) ，治疗包括帕金森病([[Parkinson's disease]])、原发性震颤([[essential tremor]])、肌张力障碍([[dystonia]])<ref name="Kringelbach" />和其他疾病，如强迫症([[Obsessive–compulsive disorder|obsessive-compulsive disorder]])和癫痫([[epilepsy]])，引起的运动障碍。虽然其基本原理和机制尚不完全清楚，DBS 是一种可控的直接改变大脑活动的方式.<ref name="Hammond" /><ref name="garcia" />。

脑深部电刺激(DBS)是'''神经外科手术（[[neurosurgery|neurosurgical]])'''中的操作之一，包括放置一种叫做神经刺激器( [[neurostimulator]])的医疗设备，通过植入的电极([[electrode]])将电脉冲发送到大脑([[brain]])中的特定目标(脑核([[Nucleus (neuroanatomy)|brain nucleus]])) ，治疗包括帕金森病([[Parkinson's disease]])、原发性震颤([[essential tremor]])、肌张力障碍([[dystonia]])<ref name="Kringelbach" />和其他疾病，如强迫症([[Obsessive–compulsive disorder|obsessive-compulsive disorder]])和癫痫([[epilepsy]])，引起的运动障碍。虽然其基本原理和机制尚不完全清楚，DBS 是一种可控的直接改变大脑活动的方式.<ref name="Hammond" /><ref name="garcia" />。

DBS has been approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] as a treatment for essential tremor and [[Parkinson's disease]] (PD) since 1997.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm451152.htm|title= FDA approves brain implant to help reduce Parkinson's disease and essential tremor symptoms|website=FDA|access-date=May 23, 2016|quote=The first device, Medtronic’s Activa Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy System, was approved in 1997 for tremor associated with essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease.}}</ref> DBS was approved for [[dystonia]] in 2003,<ref name=":1">[http://knbc-tvhealth.ip2m.com/index.cfm?pt=itemDetail&item_id=97349&site_cat_id=470 'Brain pacemaker' treats dystonia.] KNBC TV, April 22, 2003. Retrieved October 18, 2006.</ref> Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in 2009, and [[epilepsy]] in 2018.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://newsroom.medtronic.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=251324&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2345882|title= Medtronic Receives FDA Approval for Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy for Medically Refractory Epilepsy|website=newsroom.medtronic.com|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm149529.htm|title=FDA Approves Humanitarian Device Exemption for Deep Brain Stimulator for Severe Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder|work=FDA}}</ref><ref name=gildenberg>{{cite journal|vauthors = Gildenberg PL|title = Evolution of neuromodulation|journal = Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery|volume = 83|issue = 2–3|pages = 71–79|year = 2005|pmid = 16006778|doi = 10.1159/000086865|s2cid = 20234898}}</ref> DBS has been studied in clinical trials as a potential treatment for [[chronic pain]] for various affective disorders, including [[major depressive disorder|major depression]]. It is one of few neurosurgical procedures that allow [[Blind experiment|blinded studies]].<ref name="Kringelbach"/>

DBS has been approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] as a treatment for essential tremor and [[Parkinson's disease]] (PD) since 1997.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm451152.htm|title= FDA approves brain implant to help reduce Parkinson's disease and essential tremor symptoms|website=FDA|access-date=May 23, 2016|quote=The first device, Medtronic’s Activa Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy System, was approved in 1997 for tremor associated with essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease.}}</ref> DBS was approved for [[dystonia]] in 2003,<ref name=":1">[http://knbc-tvhealth.ip2m.com/index.cfm?pt=itemDetail&item_id=97349&site_cat_id=470 'Brain pacemaker' treats dystonia.] KNBC TV, April 22, 2003. Retrieved October 18, 2006.</ref> Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in 2009, and [[epilepsy]] in 2018.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://newsroom.medtronic.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=251324&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2345882|title= Medtronic Receives FDA Approval for Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy for Medically Refractory Epilepsy|website=newsroom.medtronic.com|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm149529.htm|title=FDA Approves Humanitarian Device Exemption for Deep Brain Stimulator for Severe Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder|work=FDA}}</ref><ref name=gildenberg>{{cite journal|vauthors = Gildenberg PL|title = Evolution of neuromodulation|journal = Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery|volume = 83|issue = 2–3|pages = 71–79|year = 2005|pmid = 16006778|doi = 10.1159/000086865|s2cid = 20234898}}</ref> DBS has been studied in clinical trials as a potential treatment for [[chronic pain]] for various affective disorders, including [[major depressive disorder|major depression]]. It is one of few neurosurgical procedures that allow [[Blind experiment|blinded studies]].<ref name="Kringelbach"/>

* Robert g. Heath  

* Robert g. Heath  

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== References ==

== References ==