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Moved page from wikipedia:en:Social relation (history)
此词条暂由彩云小译翻译，翻译字数共606，未经人工整理和审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。
{{Short description|Any interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2020}}
A '''social relation''' or '''social interaction''' is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups. The group can be a language or kinship group, a social institution or organization, a economic class, a nation, or gender. Social relations are derived from [[human behavioral ecology]], and, as an aggregate, form a coherent [[social structure]] whose constituent parts are best understood relative to each other and to the ecosystem as a whole.
A social relation or social interaction is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups. The group can be a language or kinship group, a social institution or organization, a economic class, a nation, or gender. Social relations are derived from human behavioral ecology, and, as an aggregate, form a coherent social structure whose constituent parts are best understood relative to each other and to the ecosystem as a whole.
社会关系或社会互动是社会科学分析的基本单位，它描述了群体内部和/或群体之间两个或两个以上个体之间的任何自愿或非自愿的人际关系。这个群体可以是一个语言或亲属团体，一个社会机构或组织，一个经济阶层，一个国家或性别。社会关系来源于人类的行为生态学，作为一个整体，形成了一个连贯的社会结构，其组成部分相互之间以及相对于整个生态系统的关系最容易理解。
Fundamental inquiries into the nature of social relations feature in the work of sociologists such as [[Max Weber]] in his theory of [[social action]]. Social relationships are composed of both positive (affiliative) and negative (agonistic) interactions, representing opposing effects.<ref> Wey, Tina W, Jordan, Ferenc, Blumstein, Daniel T. Transitivity and structural balance in marmot social networks. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2019;73. {{doi|10.1007/s00265-019-2699-3}}.</ref> [[Categorizing]] social interactions enables observational and other social research, such as [[Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft]] (lit. 'community and society'), [[collective consciousness]], etc.
Fundamental inquiries into the nature of social relations feature in the work of sociologists such as Max Weber in his theory of social action. Social relationships are composed of both positive (affiliative) and negative (agonistic) interactions, representing opposing effects. Wey, Tina W, Jordan, Ferenc, Blumstein, Daniel T. Transitivity and structural balance in marmot social networks. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2019;73. . Categorizing social interactions enables observational and other social research, such as Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (lit. 'community and society'), collective consciousness, etc.
马克斯 · 韦伯等社会学家在其社会行动理论中对社会关系本质的基本探讨。社会关系由积极的(亲和的)和消极的(激动的)相互作用组成，代表着相反的效果。Wey，Tina W，Jordan，Ferenc，Blumstein，Daniel T 土拨鼠社会网络中的传递性和结构平衡。行为生态学和社会生物学。2019;73. .对社会互动进行分类可以进行观察和其他社会研究，如 Gemeinschaft 和 Gesellschaft (lit。“社区和社会”)、集体意识等等。
==Forms of relation and interaction ==
According to [[Piotr Sztompka]], forms of relation and interaction in sociology and [[anthropology]] may be described as follows: first and most basic are animal-like [[behavior]]s, i.e. various physical movements of the body. Then there are [[Action (philosophy)|action]]s—movements with a meaning and purpose. Then there are [[social behavior]]s, or social actions, which address (directly or indirectly) other people, which solicit a response from another agent.
According to Piotr Sztompka, forms of relation and interaction in sociology and anthropology may be described as follows: first and most basic are animal-like behaviors, i.e. various physical movements of the body. Then there are actions—movements with a meaning and purpose. Then there are social behaviors, or social actions, which address (directly or indirectly) other people, which solicit a response from another agent.
根据 Piotr Sztompka 的观点，社会学和人类学中的关系和相互作用的形式可以描述如下: 首先和最基本的是类动物行为，即。身体的各种运动。然后是有意义和目的的动作。然后还有社会行为，或社会行动，直接或间接地指向其他人，要求从另一个代理人的反应。
Next are [[social network|social contacts]], a pair of social actions, which form the beginning of social interactions. Social interactions in turn form the basis of social relations. Symbols define social relationships. Without symbols, our social life would be no more sophisticated than that of animals. For example, without symbols people would have no aunts or uncles, employers or teachers-or even brothers and sisters. In sum, symbolic integrations analyze how social life depends on the ways people define themselves and others. They study [[face-to-face interaction]], examining how people make sense out of life, how they determine their relationships.
Next are social contacts, a pair of social actions, which form the beginning of social interactions. Social interactions in turn form the basis of social relations. Symbols define social relationships. Without symbols, our social life would be no more sophisticated than that of animals. For example, without symbols people would have no aunts or uncles, employers or teachers-or even brothers and sisters. In sum, symbolic integrations analyze how social life depends on the ways people define themselves and others. They study face-to-face interaction, examining how people make sense out of life, how they determine their relationships.
其次是社会接触，一对社会行为，形成社会互动的开始。社会互动反过来又构成社会关系的基础。符号定义社会关系。如果没有符号，我们的社会生活将不会比动物更复杂。例如，如果没有象征符号，人们就不会有叔叔阿姨、雇主或老师，甚至没有兄弟姐妹。总之，符号整合分析了社会生活如何取决于人们如何定义自己和他人。他们研究面对面的互动，研究人们如何理解生活，如何决定人际关系。
{| class="wikitable"
|+Sociological hierarchy<ref>[[Piotr Sztompka|Sztompka, Piotr]]. 2002. ''Socjologia, Znak''. {{ISBN|83-240-0218-9}}. p. 107.</ref>
!
!Physical movement
!Meaning
!Directed towards others
!Await response
!Unique/rare interaction
!Interactions
!Accidental, not planned, but repeated interaction
!Regular
!Interactions described by law, custom, or tradition
!A scheme of social interactions
|-
![[Behavior]]
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[Action (philosophy)|Action]]
|{{Yes}}
|{{maybe}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[Social behavior]]
|{{Yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[Social action]]
|{{no}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[Social network|Social contact]]
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Social interaction
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!Repeated interaction
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|
|-
!Regular interaction
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|-
!Regulated interaction
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
!Social relation
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Sociological hierarchySztompka, Piotr. 2002. Socjologia, Znak. . p. 107.
!
!Physical movement
!Meaning
!Directed towards others
!Await response
!Unique/rare interaction
!Interactions
!Accidental, not planned, but repeated interaction
!Regular
!Interactions described by law, custom, or tradition
!A scheme of social interactions
|-
!Behavior
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Action
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Social behavior
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Social action
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
!Social contact
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Social interaction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Repeated interaction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Regular interaction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Regulated interaction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Social relation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Sociological hierarchySztompka, Piotr.2002.Socjologia Znak..p. 107.
!！身体动作！意思是！指向其他人！等待回应！独特/罕见的互动！互动！偶然的，不是计划好的，而是反复的互动！普通的！法律、习俗或传统所描述的相互作用！一个社会互动的计划 |-！行为举止！行动！社会行为！社会行动！社交活动！社会互动！重复交互！有规律的互动！有规律的互动！社会关系
== See also ==
{{Portal|Society}}
{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
*[[Affectional action]]
*[[Communicative action]]
*[[Dramaturgical action]]
*[[Instrumental and value-rational action]]
*[[Interdependence]]
*[[Interpersonal relationship]]
*[[Relations of production]]
*[[Social isolation]]
*[[Social movement]]
*[[Social multiplier effect]]
*[[Social robot]]
*[[Symbolic interactionism]]
*[[Traditional action]]
{{div col end}}
*Affectional action
*Communicative action
*Dramaturgical action
*Instrumental and value-rational action
*Interdependence
*Interpersonal relationship
*Relations of production
*Social isolation
*Social movement
*Social multiplier effect
*Social robot
*Symbolic interactionism
*Traditional action
= = 参见同样 = =
* 情感行动
* 沟通行动
* 戏剧性行动
* 工具性和价值理性行动
* 相互依赖
* 人际关系
* 生产关系
* 社会隔离
* 社会运动
* 社会乘数效应
* 社会机器人
* symbolic interactionism
* 传统行动
=== Related disciplines ===
* [[Engaged theory]]
* [[Social philosophy]]
* [[Social psychology]]
* [[Relationship science]]
* Engaged theory
* Social philosophy
* Social psychology
* Relationship science
= = 相关学科 = = = =
* 订婚理论
* 社会哲学
* 社会心理学
* 关系科学
== References ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Reflist}}
===Bibliography===
* Azarian, Reza. 2010. "Social Ties: Elements of a Substantive Conceptualisation." ''[[Acta Sociologica]]'' 53(4):323–38.
* [[Piotr Sztompka]], Socjologia, Znak, 2002, {{ISBN|83-240-0218-9}}
* [[Max Weber|Weber, Max]]. "The Nature of Social Action." In ''Weber: Selections in Translation'', edited by [[W. G. Runciman]]. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]]. 1991.
<br />
{{Authority control}}
* Azarian, Reza. 2010. "Social Ties: Elements of a Substantive Conceptualisation." Acta Sociologica 53(4):323–38.
* Piotr Sztompka, Socjologia, Znak, 2002,
* Weber, Max. "The Nature of Social Action." In Weber: Selections in Translation, edited by W. G. Runciman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1991.
===Bibliography===
* Azarian, Reza.2010.“社会关系: 实质性概念化的要素”社会学学报53(4) : 323-38。
* Piotr Sztompka, Socjologia, Znak, 2002,
* Weber, Max.《社会行为的本质》在韦伯: 选择在翻译，由 W.G.Runciman 编辑。剑桥: 剑桥大学出版社。1991.
[[Category:Community building]]
[[Category:Interpersonal relationships]]
Category:Community building
Category:Interpersonal relationships
类别: 社区建设类别: 人际关系
<noinclude>
<small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:Social relation]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[社会关系/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
[[Category:待整理页面]]
{{Short description|Any interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2020}}
A '''social relation''' or '''social interaction''' is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups. The group can be a language or kinship group, a social institution or organization, a economic class, a nation, or gender. Social relations are derived from [[human behavioral ecology]], and, as an aggregate, form a coherent [[social structure]] whose constituent parts are best understood relative to each other and to the ecosystem as a whole.
A social relation or social interaction is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups. The group can be a language or kinship group, a social institution or organization, a economic class, a nation, or gender. Social relations are derived from human behavioral ecology, and, as an aggregate, form a coherent social structure whose constituent parts are best understood relative to each other and to the ecosystem as a whole.
社会关系或社会互动是社会科学分析的基本单位，它描述了群体内部和/或群体之间两个或两个以上个体之间的任何自愿或非自愿的人际关系。这个群体可以是一个语言或亲属团体，一个社会机构或组织，一个经济阶层，一个国家或性别。社会关系来源于人类的行为生态学，作为一个整体，形成了一个连贯的社会结构，其组成部分相互之间以及相对于整个生态系统的关系最容易理解。
Fundamental inquiries into the nature of social relations feature in the work of sociologists such as [[Max Weber]] in his theory of [[social action]]. Social relationships are composed of both positive (affiliative) and negative (agonistic) interactions, representing opposing effects.<ref> Wey, Tina W, Jordan, Ferenc, Blumstein, Daniel T. Transitivity and structural balance in marmot social networks. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2019;73. {{doi|10.1007/s00265-019-2699-3}}.</ref> [[Categorizing]] social interactions enables observational and other social research, such as [[Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft]] (lit. 'community and society'), [[collective consciousness]], etc.
Fundamental inquiries into the nature of social relations feature in the work of sociologists such as Max Weber in his theory of social action. Social relationships are composed of both positive (affiliative) and negative (agonistic) interactions, representing opposing effects. Wey, Tina W, Jordan, Ferenc, Blumstein, Daniel T. Transitivity and structural balance in marmot social networks. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2019;73. . Categorizing social interactions enables observational and other social research, such as Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (lit. 'community and society'), collective consciousness, etc.
马克斯 · 韦伯等社会学家在其社会行动理论中对社会关系本质的基本探讨。社会关系由积极的(亲和的)和消极的(激动的)相互作用组成，代表着相反的效果。Wey，Tina W，Jordan，Ferenc，Blumstein，Daniel T 土拨鼠社会网络中的传递性和结构平衡。行为生态学和社会生物学。2019;73. .对社会互动进行分类可以进行观察和其他社会研究，如 Gemeinschaft 和 Gesellschaft (lit。“社区和社会”)、集体意识等等。
==Forms of relation and interaction ==
According to [[Piotr Sztompka]], forms of relation and interaction in sociology and [[anthropology]] may be described as follows: first and most basic are animal-like [[behavior]]s, i.e. various physical movements of the body. Then there are [[Action (philosophy)|action]]s—movements with a meaning and purpose. Then there are [[social behavior]]s, or social actions, which address (directly or indirectly) other people, which solicit a response from another agent.
According to Piotr Sztompka, forms of relation and interaction in sociology and anthropology may be described as follows: first and most basic are animal-like behaviors, i.e. various physical movements of the body. Then there are actions—movements with a meaning and purpose. Then there are social behaviors, or social actions, which address (directly or indirectly) other people, which solicit a response from another agent.
根据 Piotr Sztompka 的观点，社会学和人类学中的关系和相互作用的形式可以描述如下: 首先和最基本的是类动物行为，即。身体的各种运动。然后是有意义和目的的动作。然后还有社会行为，或社会行动，直接或间接地指向其他人，要求从另一个代理人的反应。
Next are [[social network|social contacts]], a pair of social actions, which form the beginning of social interactions. Social interactions in turn form the basis of social relations. Symbols define social relationships. Without symbols, our social life would be no more sophisticated than that of animals. For example, without symbols people would have no aunts or uncles, employers or teachers-or even brothers and sisters. In sum, symbolic integrations analyze how social life depends on the ways people define themselves and others. They study [[face-to-face interaction]], examining how people make sense out of life, how they determine their relationships.
Next are social contacts, a pair of social actions, which form the beginning of social interactions. Social interactions in turn form the basis of social relations. Symbols define social relationships. Without symbols, our social life would be no more sophisticated than that of animals. For example, without symbols people would have no aunts or uncles, employers or teachers-or even brothers and sisters. In sum, symbolic integrations analyze how social life depends on the ways people define themselves and others. They study face-to-face interaction, examining how people make sense out of life, how they determine their relationships.
其次是社会接触，一对社会行为，形成社会互动的开始。社会互动反过来又构成社会关系的基础。符号定义社会关系。如果没有符号，我们的社会生活将不会比动物更复杂。例如，如果没有象征符号，人们就不会有叔叔阿姨、雇主或老师，甚至没有兄弟姐妹。总之，符号整合分析了社会生活如何取决于人们如何定义自己和他人。他们研究面对面的互动，研究人们如何理解生活，如何决定人际关系。
{| class="wikitable"
|+Sociological hierarchy<ref>[[Piotr Sztompka|Sztompka, Piotr]]. 2002. ''Socjologia, Znak''. {{ISBN|83-240-0218-9}}. p. 107.</ref>
!
!Physical movement
!Meaning
!Directed towards others
!Await response
!Unique/rare interaction
!Interactions
!Accidental, not planned, but repeated interaction
!Regular
!Interactions described by law, custom, or tradition
!A scheme of social interactions
|-
![[Behavior]]
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[Action (philosophy)|Action]]
|{{Yes}}
|{{maybe}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[Social behavior]]
|{{Yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[Social action]]
|{{no}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[Social network|Social contact]]
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Social interaction
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!Repeated interaction
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|
|-
!Regular interaction
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|-
!Regulated interaction
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
!Social relation
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Sociological hierarchySztompka, Piotr. 2002. Socjologia, Znak. . p. 107.
!
!Physical movement
!Meaning
!Directed towards others
!Await response
!Unique/rare interaction
!Interactions
!Accidental, not planned, but repeated interaction
!Regular
!Interactions described by law, custom, or tradition
!A scheme of social interactions
|-
!Behavior
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Action
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
!Social behavior
|
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|-
!Social action
|
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|
|
|
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|-
!Social contact
|
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|
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|-
!Social interaction
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
!Repeated interaction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Regular interaction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Regulated interaction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
!Social relation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Sociological hierarchySztompka, Piotr.2002.Socjologia Znak..p. 107.
!！身体动作！意思是！指向其他人！等待回应！独特/罕见的互动！互动！偶然的，不是计划好的，而是反复的互动！普通的！法律、习俗或传统所描述的相互作用！一个社会互动的计划 |-！行为举止！行动！社会行为！社会行动！社交活动！社会互动！重复交互！有规律的互动！有规律的互动！社会关系
== See also ==
{{Portal|Society}}
{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
*[[Affectional action]]
*[[Communicative action]]
*[[Dramaturgical action]]
*[[Instrumental and value-rational action]]
*[[Interdependence]]
*[[Interpersonal relationship]]
*[[Relations of production]]
*[[Social isolation]]
*[[Social movement]]
*[[Social multiplier effect]]
*[[Social robot]]
*[[Symbolic interactionism]]
*[[Traditional action]]
{{div col end}}
*Affectional action
*Communicative action
*Dramaturgical action
*Instrumental and value-rational action
*Interdependence
*Interpersonal relationship
*Relations of production
*Social isolation
*Social movement
*Social multiplier effect
*Social robot
*Symbolic interactionism
*Traditional action
= = 参见同样 = =
* 情感行动
* 沟通行动
* 戏剧性行动
* 工具性和价值理性行动
* 相互依赖
* 人际关系
* 生产关系
* 社会隔离
* 社会运动
* 社会乘数效应
* 社会机器人
* symbolic interactionism
* 传统行动
=== Related disciplines ===
* [[Engaged theory]]
* [[Social philosophy]]
* [[Social psychology]]
* [[Relationship science]]
* Engaged theory
* Social philosophy
* Social psychology
* Relationship science
= = 相关学科 = = = =
* 订婚理论
* 社会哲学
* 社会心理学
* 关系科学
== References ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Reflist}}
===Bibliography===
* Azarian, Reza. 2010. "Social Ties: Elements of a Substantive Conceptualisation." ''[[Acta Sociologica]]'' 53(4):323–38.
* [[Piotr Sztompka]], Socjologia, Znak, 2002, {{ISBN|83-240-0218-9}}
* [[Max Weber|Weber, Max]]. "The Nature of Social Action." In ''Weber: Selections in Translation'', edited by [[W. G. Runciman]]. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]]. 1991.
<br />
{{Authority control}}
* Azarian, Reza. 2010. "Social Ties: Elements of a Substantive Conceptualisation." Acta Sociologica 53(4):323–38.
* Piotr Sztompka, Socjologia, Znak, 2002,
* Weber, Max. "The Nature of Social Action." In Weber: Selections in Translation, edited by W. G. Runciman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1991.
===Bibliography===
* Azarian, Reza.2010.“社会关系: 实质性概念化的要素”社会学学报53(4) : 323-38。
* Piotr Sztompka, Socjologia, Znak, 2002,
* Weber, Max.《社会行为的本质》在韦伯: 选择在翻译，由 W.G.Runciman 编辑。剑桥: 剑桥大学出版社。1991.
[[Category:Community building]]
[[Category:Interpersonal relationships]]
Category:Community building
Category:Interpersonal relationships
类别: 社区建设类别: 人际关系
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<small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:Social relation]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[社会关系/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
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