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第18行： − = = 概述 = = 在拉兹洛创立系统哲学后不久，一般系统理论的创始人之一卡尔·路德维希·冯·贝塔郎非就把它放在了背景中，他把系统学的三个领域分类为: # “系统科学”，这是关于“各种科学中的科学探索和“系统”理论... 和一般系统理论作为适用于所有系统的原则的学说”;。一般系统论。修订版。纽约: 乔治 · 巴西勒，pp。Xix # “系统技术”，关注“现代技术和社会中出现的问题，包括计算机的“硬件”，自动化自动调节机械等，以及新的理论发展和学科的“软件”; Bertalanffy，L。 von，(1976)。一般系统论。修订版。纽约: 乔治 · 巴西勒，pp。Xx 和 # “系统哲学”，这是关于“新的自然哲学”，认为世界是一个伟大的组织”，是“有机的”，而不是“机械的”性质。贝塔朗菲，L。冯，(1976)。一般系统论。修订版。纽约: 乔治 · 巴西勒，pp。Xxi+ 第26行：
第26行： − Systems philosophy consists of four main areas:+ − # "Systems ontology", which is concerned "with what is meant by "system" and how systems are realized at various levels of the world of observation";Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. Revised Edition. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi − # "Systems paradigms", which is concerned with developing worldviews which "takes [humankind] as one species of concrete and actual system, embedded in encompassing natural hierarchies of likewise concrete and actual physical, biological, and social systems";Laszlo, E. (1972). Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, p. 298.This is called "systems epistemology" in Von Bertalanffy, L., (1976). General System Theory. Revised Edition. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxiiThese are called "systems philosophies" in Bahm, A. J. (1981). Five Types of Systems Philosophy. International Journal of General Systems, 6(4), 233–237. − # "Systems axiology", which is concerned with developing models of systems that involve "humanistic concerns", and views "symbols, values, social entities and cultures" as "something very "real"" and having an "embeddedness in a cosmic order of hierarchies";in Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. Revised Edition. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxii–xxiii and − # "Applied systems philosophy", which is concerned with using the insights from the other branches of systems philosophy to solve practical problems, especially social and philosophical ones.Laszlo, E. (1972). Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, p. 12: "[Systems philosophy's] data come from the empirical sciences; its problems come from the history of philosophy; and its concepts come from modern systems research." − 系统哲学包括四个主要领域: # “系统本体论”，它关注“系统”的含义以及系统如何在观察世界的不同层面上得到实现”; Bertalanffy，L。 von，(1976)。一般系统论。修订版。纽约: 乔治 · 巴西勒，pp。Xxi # “系统范式”，关注发展中的世界观，“将[人类]作为具体和实际系统的一个物种，嵌入在同样具体和实际的物理、生物和社会系统的自然等级中”; Laszlo，E. (1972)。系统哲学导论: 走向当代思想的新范式。戈登 & 布里奇科学出版社，第298页。这是所谓的“系统认识论”在冯贝塔朗菲，L。(1976年)。一般系统论。修订版。纽约: 乔治 · 巴西勒，pp。Xxii 这些在 Bahm 被称为“系统哲学”。(1981).系统哲学的五种类型。国际通用系统杂志，6(4) ，233-237。# “系统价值学”，关注于发展涉及“人文关怀”的系统模型，并将“符号、价值观、社会实体和文化”视为“非常“真实”的东西，并具有“嵌入在宇宙等级秩序中”; 在 Bertalanffy，L. von，(1976)。一般系统论。修订版。纽约: 乔治 · 巴西勒，pp。“应用系统哲学”是关于利用系统哲学其他分支的见解来解决实际问题，特别是社会问题和哲学问题。拉兹洛，E (1972)。系统哲学导论: 走向当代思想的新范式。戈登 & 布里奇科学出版社，第12页: “(系统哲学)数据来自经验科学; 它的问题来自哲学史; 它的概念来自现代系统研究 − + − The term "systems philosophy" is often used as a convenient shorthand to refer to "the philosophy of systems",See, e.g., http://www.pdx.edu/sysc/courses-sysc-521621-systems-philosophy but this usage can be misleading. The philosophy of systems is in fact merely the element of systems philosophy called "systems ontology" by von BertalanffyBertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. Revised Edition. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi and "systems metaphysics" by Laszlo.Laszlo, E. (1972). Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, p. 295. Systems ontology provides important grounding for systems thinking but does not encompass the essential focus of systems philosophy, which is about articulating a worldview grounded in systems perspectives and humanistic concerns.+ − − − − == Origin and development of systems philosophy == − − == Origin and development of systems philosophy == − − 系统哲学的起源和发展 − − ===The founding of systems philosophy=== − − ===The founding of systems philosophy=== − − = = 系统哲学的创立 = = + − − Systems philosophy was founded by Ervin Laszlo in 1972 with his book Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought.Laszlo, E. (1972). Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought. Gordon & Breach. The Foreword was written by Ludwig von Bertalanffy. 第60行：
第40行： − "Systems philosophy", in Ervin Laszlo's sense of the term, means using the systems perspective to model the nature of reality, and to use this to solve important human problems (Laszlo, 1972). Laszlo developed the idea behind systems philosophy independently of von Bertalanffy's work on General System Theory (published in 1968), but they met before Introduction to Systems Philosophy was published and the decision to call the new discipline "systems philosophy" was their joint one.Laszlo, E. (2004). Science and the Akashic field: an integral theory of everything. Rochester Vt.: Inner Traditions. p.163 Writing Introduction to Systems Philosophy took five years, and in his autobiography Laszlo calls it "my major work".Laszlo, E. (2011) Simply Genius! And Other Tales From My Life. London: Hay House − +
无编辑摘要
Systems philosophy is a discipline aimed at constructing a new philosophy (in the sense of worldview) by using systems concepts. The discipline was first described by Ervin Laszlo in his 1972 book Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought.Laszlo, E. (1972). Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers. . It has been described as the "reorientation of thought and world view ensuing from the introduction of "systems" as a new scientific paradigm".Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi
Systems philosophy is a discipline aimed at constructing a new philosophy (in the sense of worldview) by using systems concepts. The discipline was first described by Ervin Laszlo in his 1972 book Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought.Laszlo, E. (1972). Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers. . It has been described as the "reorientation of thought and world view ensuing from the introduction of "systems" as a new scientific paradigm".Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi
系统哲学是一门旨在运用系统概念建构新哲学(在世界观意义上)的学科。这门学科最早是由 Ervin Laszlo 在他1972年出版的《系统哲学导论: 走向当代思想的新范式》一书中描述的。拉兹洛，E (1972)。系统哲学导论: 走向当代思想的新范式。戈登 & 布里奇科学出版社。.它被描述为“作为一种新的科学范式引入“系统”后随之而来的思想和世界观的重新定位”。贝塔朗菲，L。冯，(1976)。一般系统论。纽约: 乔治 · 巴西勒，pp。Xxi
系统哲学是一门旨在运用系统概念建构新哲学(在世界观意义上)的学科。这门学科最早是由 Ervin Laszlo 在他1972年出版的《系统哲学导论: 走向当代思想的新范式》一书中描述的它被描述为“作为一种新的科学范式引入“系统”后随之而来的思想和世界观的重新定位”。
== Overview ==
== Overview ==
# "Systems philosophy", which is concerned with "the new philosophy of nature" which regards the world as a great organization" that is "organismic" rather than "mechanistic" in nature.Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. Revised Edition. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi
# "Systems philosophy", which is concerned with "the new philosophy of nature" which regards the world as a great organization" that is "organismic" rather than "mechanistic" in nature.Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. Revised Edition. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi
在拉兹洛创立系统哲学后不久，一般系统理论的创始人之一卡尔·路德维希·冯·贝塔郎非把系统学的三个领域分类为:“系统科学”，这是关于“各种科学中的科学探索和一般系统理论作为适用于所有系统的原则的学说”。“系统技术”，关注“现代技术和社会中出现的问题，包括计算机的“硬件”，及自动化的机械等，以及“软件”。“系统哲学”，被认为是“新的自然哲学”，该学科认为世界是一个巨大的组织，是“有机的”，而不是“机械的”。
Systems philosophy consists of four main areas:
Systems philosophy consists of four main areas:
# "Applied systems philosophy", which is concerned with using the insights from the other branches of systems philosophy to solve practical problems, especially social and philosophical ones.<ref>Laszlo, E. (1972). ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought''. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, p. 12: "[Systems philosophy's] data come from the empirical sciences; its problems come from the history of philosophy; and its concepts come from modern systems research."</ref>
# "Applied systems philosophy", which is concerned with using the insights from the other branches of systems philosophy to solve practical problems, especially social and philosophical ones.<ref>Laszlo, E. (1972). ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought''. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, p. 12: "[Systems philosophy's] data come from the empirical sciences; its problems come from the history of philosophy; and its concepts come from modern systems research."</ref>
系统哲学包括四个主要领域: “系统本体论”，它关注“系统”的含义以及系统如何在观察世界的不同层面上得到实现”。 “系统范式”，关注发展中的世界观，“将人类作为具体和实际系统的一个物种，嵌入在同样具体和实际的物理、生物和社会系统的自然等级中。 “系统价值学”，关注于发展涉及“人文关怀”的系统模型，并将“符号、价值观、社会实体和文化”视为非常真实的东西，并嵌入在宇宙等级秩序中。“应用系统哲学”是关于利用系统哲学其他分支的见解来解决实际问题，特别是社会问题和哲学问题。
The term "systems philosophy" is often used as a convenient shorthand to refer to "the philosophy of systems",<ref>See, e.g., http://www.pdx.edu/sysc/courses-sysc-521621-systems-philosophy</ref> but this usage can be misleading. The philosophy of systems is in fact merely the element of systems philosophy called "systems ontology" by von Bertalanffy<ref>Bertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. Revised Edition. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi</ref> and "systems metaphysics" by Laszlo.<ref>Laszlo, E. (1972). ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought''. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, p. 295.</ref> Systems ontology provides important grounding for [[systems thinking]] but does not encompass the essential focus of systems philosophy, which is about articulating a worldview grounded in systems perspectives and humanistic concerns.{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}}
The term "systems philosophy" is often used as a convenient shorthand to refer to "the philosophy of systems", See, e.g., http://www.pdx.edu/sysc/courses-sysc-521621-systems-philosophy but this usage can be misleading. The philosophy of systems is in fact merely the element of systems philosophy called "systems ontology" by von BertalanffyBertalanffy, L. von, (1976). General System Theory. Revised Edition. New York: George Braziller, pp. xxi and "systems metaphysics" by Laszlo.Laszlo, E. (1972). Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, p. 295. Systems ontology provides important grounding for systems thinking but does not encompass the essential focus of systems philosophy, which is about articulating a worldview grounded in systems perspectives and humanistic concerns.
“系统哲学”这个术语经常被用来作为“系统哲学”的简称，参见，例如， http://www.pdx.edu/sysc/courses-sysc-521621-systems-philosophy ，但是这种用法可能会误导。系统哲学实际上仅仅是被冯 · 贝塔兰菲 · 贝塔兰菲称为“系统本体论”的系统哲学的元素。系统本体论为系统思维提供了重要的基础，但并不包括系统哲学的基本重点，即阐明基于系统观点和人文关怀的世界观。
“系统哲学”这个术语经常被用来作为“系统哲学”的简称，参见，例如， http://www.pdx.edu/sysc/courses-sysc-521621-systems-philosophy ，但是这种用法可能会误导。系统哲学实际上仅仅是被冯 · 贝塔兰菲 · 贝塔兰菲称为“系统本体论”的系统哲学的元素，L · 冯，(1976)。一般系统论。修订版。纽约: 乔治 · 巴西勒，pp。Xxi 和“系统形而上学”拉兹洛。拉兹洛，E (1972)。系统哲学导论: 走向当代思想的新范式。戈登 & 布里奇科学出版社，第295页。系统本体论为系统思维提供了重要的基础，但并不包括系统哲学的基本重点，即阐明基于系统观点和人文关怀的世界观。
===The founding of systems philosophy 系统哲学的创立 ===
Systems philosophy was founded by [[Ervin László|Ervin Laszlo]] in 1972 with his book ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought''.<ref>Laszlo, E. (1972). ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought''. Gordon & Breach.</ref> The ''Foreword'' was written by [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]].
Systems philosophy was founded by [[Ervin László|Ervin Laszlo]] in 1972 with his book ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought''.<ref>Laszlo, E. (1972). ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought''. Gordon & Breach.</ref> The ''Foreword'' was written by [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]].
系统哲学是由 Ervin Laszlo 于1972年创立的，他的著作《系统哲学导论: 走向当代思想的新范式》。拉兹洛，E (1972)。系统哲学导论: 走向当代思想的新范式。戈登 & 破坏者。前言是卡尔·路德维希·冯·贝塔郎非写的。
系统哲学是由 Ervin Laszlo 于1972年创立的，他的著作《系统哲学导论: 走向当代思想的新范式》。拉兹洛，E (1972)。系统哲学导论: 走向当代思想的新范式。戈登 & 破坏者。前言是卡尔·路德维希·冯·贝塔郎非写的。
"Systems philosophy", in Ervin Laszlo's sense of the term, means using the systems perspective to model the nature of reality, and to use this to solve important human problems (Laszlo, 1972). Laszlo developed the idea behind systems philosophy independently of von Bertalanffy's work on ''General System Theory'' (published in 1968), but they met before ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy'' was published and the decision to call the new discipline "systems philosophy" was their joint one.<ref>Laszlo, E. (2004). ''Science and the Akashic field: an integral theory of everything.'' Rochester Vt.: Inner Traditions. p.163</ref> Writing ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy'' took five years, and in his autobiography Laszlo calls it "my major work".<ref>Laszlo, E. (2011) ''Simply Genius! And Other Tales From My Life.'' London: Hay House</ref>
"Systems philosophy", in Ervin Laszlo's sense of the term, means using the systems perspective to model the nature of reality, and to use this to solve important human problems (Laszlo, 1972). Laszlo developed the idea behind systems philosophy independently of von Bertalanffy's work on ''General System Theory'' (published in 1968), but they met before ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy'' was published and the decision to call the new discipline "systems philosophy" was their joint one.<ref>Laszlo, E. (2004). ''Science and the Akashic field: an integral theory of everything.'' Rochester Vt.: Inner Traditions. p.163</ref> Writing ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy'' took five years, and in his autobiography Laszlo calls it "my major work".<ref>Laszlo, E. (2011) ''Simply Genius! And Other Tales From My Life.'' London: Hay House</ref>
“系统哲学”，在 Ervin Laszlo 的术语意义上，意味着使用系统观点来模拟现实的本质，并用它来解决重要的人类问题(Laszlo，1972)。拉兹洛独立于冯 · 贝塔朗菲(von Bertalanffy)的《一般系统理论》(General System Theory，1968年出版) ，提出了系统哲学背后的思想，但是他们在《系统哲学导论》出版之前就相遇了，而把这门新学科称为“系统哲学”的决定是他们共同的决定。拉兹洛，E (2004)。科学与阿卡什场: 万物的整合理论。Rochester Vt. : 内在传统。P. 163系统哲学入门写作历时五年，拉兹洛在自传中称之为“我的主要工作”。Laszlo，E. (2011)简直是天才！和我生活中的其他故事。伦敦: 干草屋
“系统哲学”，在 Ervin Laszlo 的术语意义上，意味着使用系统来模拟现实，并用它来解决重要的人类问题(Laszlo，1972)。拉兹洛独立于冯 · 贝塔朗菲(von Bertalanffy)的《一般系统理论》(General System Theory，1968年出版) ，提出了系统哲学背后的思想，但是他们在《系统哲学导论》出版之前就相遇了，而把这门新学科称为“系统哲学”的决定是他们共同的决定。拉兹洛，E (2004)。科学与阿卡什场: 万物的整合理论。Rochester Vt. : 内在传统。P. 163系统哲学入门写作历时五年，拉兹洛在自传中称之为“我的主要工作”。Laszlo，E. (2011)简直是天才！和我生活中的其他故事。伦敦: 干草屋
Laszlo's "great idea", that made systems philosophy possible, was that the existence of a general system theory that captures the "patterns" that recur across the Systemics, who themselves capture "patterns" that recur across the specialized disciplines, entails that the world is organised as a whole, and thus has an underlying unity.<ref>Laszlo, E. (1972). Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought''. Gordon & Breach. pp. 8–10, 18–21.</ref> In this light, nature's special domains (as characterized by the specialized sciences) are contingent expressions or arrangements or projections of an underlying intelligibly ordered reality.<ref>Laszlo, E. (1972). ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought''. Gordon & Breach. p. 19.</ref> If the nature of this underlying unity and the way it conditions phenomenal reality could be understood, it would provide a powerful aid to solving pressing sociological problems and answering deep philosophical questions.
Laszlo's "great idea", that made systems philosophy possible, was that the existence of a general system theory that captures the "patterns" that recur across the Systemics, who themselves capture "patterns" that recur across the specialized disciplines, entails that the world is organised as a whole, and thus has an underlying unity.<ref>Laszlo, E. (1972). Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought''. Gordon & Breach. pp. 8–10, 18–21.</ref> In this light, nature's special domains (as characterized by the specialized sciences) are contingent expressions or arrangements or projections of an underlying intelligibly ordered reality.<ref>Laszlo, E. (1972). ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought''. Gordon & Breach. p. 19.</ref> If the nature of this underlying unity and the way it conditions phenomenal reality could be understood, it would provide a powerful aid to solving pressing sociological problems and answering deep philosophical questions.