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<ref name="Ancona_nonlinear_granger">{{cite journal|author1=Ancona N|author2=Marinazzo D|author3=Stramaglia S|title=Radial basis function approaches to nonlinear granger causality of time series|journal=Physical Review E|year=2004|volume=70|issue=056221}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Ancona_nonlinear_granger">{{cite journal|author1=Ancona N|author2=Marinazzo D|author3=Stramaglia S|title=Radial basis function approaches to nonlinear granger causality of time series|journal=Physical Review E|year=2004|volume=70|issue=056221}}</ref>
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<ref name="Atmanspacher_contextual_emergence">{{cite journal|author=Atmanspacher H|title=Contextual emergence from physics to cognitive neuroscience|journal=Journal of consciousness studies|year=2007|volume=14|issue=18–36}}</ref>
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Ancona, N., Marinazzo, D., and Stramaglia, S. (2004). Radial basis function approaches to nonlinear granger causality of time series. Physical Review E, 70:056221.
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<ref name="Bar-Yam_mathematical_theory_strong_emergence">{{cite journal|author=Bar-Yam Y|title=A mathematical theory of strong emergence using multiscale variety|journal=Complexity|year=2004|volume=9|issue=6|page=15–24}}</ref>
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Atmanspacher, H. (2007). Contextual emergence from physics to cognitive neuroscience. Journal of consciousness studies, 14:18–36.
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<ref name="Bedau_weak_emergence">{{cite journal|author=Bedau M|title=Weak emergence|journal=Philosophical Perspectives|year=1997|volume=11|page=375–399}}</ref>
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Bar-Yam, Y. (2004). A mathematical theory of strong emergence using multiscale variety. Complexity, 9(6):15–24.
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Bedau, M. (1997). Weak emergence. Philosophical Perspectives, 11:375–399.
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<ref name="Bertschinger_autonomy_information_theoretic_perspective">{{cite journal|author1=Bertschinger N|author2=Olbrich E|author3=Ay N|author4=Jost J|title=Autonomy: an information theoretic perspective|journal=Biosystems|year=2008}}</ref>
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Bedau, M. (2003). Downward causation and the autonomy of weak emergence. Principia, 6:5–50.
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<ref name="Broad_mind_nature">{{cite book|editor=Broad C|title=The mind and its place in nature|publisher=Routledge and Kegan Paul|year=1925|location=London}}</ref>
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Bertschinger, N., Olbrich, E., Ay, N., and Jost, J. (2008). Auton- omy: an information theoretic perspective. Biosystems, page in press.
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<ref name="Chalmers_strong_weak_emergence">{{cite book|author1=Chalmers D|editor1=Clayton P|editor2=Davies P|title=The re-emergence of emergence|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|location=Oxford}}</ref>
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Broad, C., editor (1925). The mind and its place in nature. Rout- ledge and Kegan Paul, London.
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<ref name="Chang_inventing_temperature">{{cite book|editor=Chang H|title=Inventing temperature: Measurement and scientific progress|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|location=New York, NY}}</ref>
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Chalmers, D. (2006). Strong and weak emergence. In Clayton, P. and Davies, P., editors, The re-emergence of emergence. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
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<ref name="Crutchfield_calculi_emergence">{{cite journal|author=Crutchfield J|title=The calculi of emergence: Computation, dynamics, and induction|journal=Physica D|year=1994|volume=75|page=11–54}}</ref>
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Chang, H., editor (2004). Inventing temperature: Measurement and scientific progress. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
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<ref name="Ding_granger_causality">{{cite book|author1=Ding M|author2=Chen Y|author3=Bressler S|title=Granger causality: Basic theory and application to neuroscience|editor1=Schelter S|editor2=Winterhalder M|editor3=Timmer J|booktitle=Handbook of Time Series Analysis|year=2006|publisher=Wiley|location=Wienheim|page=438–460}}</ref>
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Crutchfield, J. (1994). The calculi of emergence: Computation, dynamics, and induction. Physica D, 75:11–54.
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<ref name="Edelman_naturalizing_consciousness">{{cite journal|author=Edelman G|title=Naturalizing consciousness: A theoretical framework|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA|year=2003|volume=100|issue=9|page=5520–5524}}</ref>
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Ding, M., Chen, Y., and Bressler, S. (2006). Granger causality: Basic theory and application to neuroscience. In Schelter, S., Winterhalder, M., and Timmer, J., editors, Handbook of Time Series Analysis, pages 438–460. Wiley, Wienheim.
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<ref name="Geweke_measurement_linear_dependence">{{cite journal|author=Geweke J|title=Measurement of linear dependence and feedback between multiple time series|journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association|year=1982|volume=77|issue=304–13}}</ref>
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Edelman, G. (2003). Naturalizing consciousness: A theoretical framework. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci- ences, USA, 100(9):5520–5524.
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<ref name="Granger_investigating_causal_relations">{{cite journal|author=Granger C|title=Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods|journal=Econometrica|year=1969|volume=37|page=424–438}}</ref>
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<ref name="Gregoire_moving_staying_together_without_leader">{{cite journal|author1=Gregoire G|author2=Chate H|author3=Tu Y|title=Moving and staying together without a leader|journal=Physica D|year=2003|volume=181|page=151–170}}</ref>
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Granger, C. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica, 37:424– 438.
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<ref name="Jackson_defence_explanatory_ecumenism">{{cite journal|author1=Jackson F|author2=Pettit P|title=In defence of explanatory ecumenism|journal=Economics and Philosophy|year=1992|volume=8|issue=1–21}}</ref>
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Gregoire, G., Chate, H., and Tu, Y. (2003). Moving and staying together without a leader. Physica D, 181:151–170.
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<ref name="Kim_making_sense_emergence">{{cite journal|author=Kim J|title=Making sense of emergence|journal=Philosophical Studies|year=1999|volume=95|issue=3–36}}</ref>
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Jackson, F. and Pettit, P. (1992). In defence of explanatory ecu- menism. Economics and Philosophy, 8:1–21.
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<ref name="Kim_emergence_core_ideas_issues">{{cite journal|author=Kim J|title=Emergence: core ideas and issues|journal=Synthese|year=2006|volume=151|issue=547–559}}</ref>
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Kim, J. (1999). Making sense of emergence. Philosophical Studies, 95:3–36.
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<ref name="Libet_unconscious_cerebral_initiative">{{cite journal|author=Libet B|title=Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action|journal=Behavioral and Brain Sciences|year=1985|volume=8|issue=529–566}}</ref>
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Kim, J. (2006). Emergence: core ideas and issues. Synthese, 151:547–559.
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<ref name="Polani_emergence_intrinsic_structure_information">{{cite journal|author=Polani D|title=Emergence, intrinsic structure of information, and agenthood|journal=Interjournal Complex Systems|year=2006|page=1973}}</ref>
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<ref name="Reynolds_flocks_herds_schools">{{cite conference|author=Reynolds C|title=Flocks, herds, and schools: A distributed behavioral model|conference=Computer Graphics|year=1987|volume=21|issue=4|page=25–34}}</ref>
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<ref name="Seth_causal_connectivity_evolved_neural_networks">{{cite journal|author=Seth A|title=Causal connectivity of evolved neural networks during behavior|journal=Network: Computation in Neural Systems|year=2005|volume=16|issue=35–54}}</ref>
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<ref name="Seth_granger_causality">{{cite journal|author=Seth A|title=Granger causality|journal=Scholarpedia|year=2007|volume=2|issue=7|page=1667}}</ref>
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Seth, A. (2005). Causal connectivity of evolved neural networks during behavior. Network: Computation in Neural Systems, 16:35–54.
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<ref name="Seth_measuring_autonomy">{{cite conference|author=Seth A|title=Measuring autonomy via multivariate autoregressive modelling|editor1=Almeida e Costa F|conference=Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Artificial Life|year=2007|page=475–485|publisher=Springer-Verlag}}</ref>
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<ref name="Seth_causal_networks_simulated_neural_systems">{{cite journal|author=Seth A|title=Causal networks in simulated neural systems|journal=Cognitive Neurodynamics|year=2008|volume=2|issue=49–64}}</ref>
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Seth, A. (2007b). Measuring autonomy via multivariate autoregres- sive modelling. In Almeida e Costa, F., editor, Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Artificial Life, pages 475–485. Springer-Verlag.
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<ref name="Seth_functions_consciousness">{{cite book|author=Seth A|title=Functions of consciousness|editor=Banks W|booktitle=Springer Encyclopedia of Consciousness|year=2008|publisher=Springer Verlag}}</ref>
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Seth, A. (2008a). Causal networks in simulated neural systems. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 2:49–64.
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<ref name="Seth_consciousness_complexity">{{cite book|author1=Seth A|author2=Edelman G|title=Consciousness and complexity|editor=Meyers R|booktitle=Springer Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science|year=2008|publisher=Springer Verlag}}</ref>
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Seth, A. (2008b). Functions of consciousness. In Banks, W., ed- itor, Springer Encyclopedia of Consciousness, page in press. Springer Verlag.
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<ref name="Shalizi_what_is_macrostate">{{cite misc|author1=Shalizi C|author2=Moore C|title=What is a macrostate: Subjective observations and objective dynamics|year=2006|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0303625}}</ref>
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Seth, A. and Edelman, G. (2008). Consciousness and complexity. In Meyers, R., editor, Springer Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, page in press. Springer Verlag.
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<ref name="Varela_principles_biological_autonomy">{{cite book|author=Varela F|title=Principles of biological autonomy|publisher=Elsevier|year=1979|location=North Holland, NY}}</ref>
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<ref name="Vicsek_novel_type_phase_transition">{{cite journal|author1=Vicsek T|author2=Czirok A|author3=Ben-Jacob E|author4=Cohen I|author5=Shochet O|title=Novel type of phase transition in a system of self-driven particles|journal=Physical Review Letters|year=1995|volume=75|issue=1226}}</ref>
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