在涉及线性或线性化系统的一般数值计算中,常用一个普遍常数来刻画问题的规律性或奇异性,即系统的"条件数" <math>\kappa := \sigma_{\text{max}} / \sigma_{\text{min}}</math>。这个数值通常决定了给定计算方案在这些系统上的误差率或收敛速度。<ref>{{citation | last1=Edelman | first1=Alan | date=1992 |url=https://math.mit.edu/~edelman/publications/distribution_of_a_scaled.pdf| title="On the distribution of a scaled condition number" | journal=Math. Comp. | volume=58 | issue=197 | pages=185–190 | doi=10.1090/S0025-5718-1992-1106966-2 | bibcode=1992MaCom..58..185E}}</ref><ref>{{citation | last1=Shen | first1=Jianhong (Jackie) | date=2001 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0024379500003220| title="On the singular values of Gaussian random matrices" | journal=Linear Alg. Appl. | volume=326 | issue=1–3 | pages=1–14 | doi=10.1016/S0024-3795(00)00322-0}}</ref> | 在涉及线性或线性化系统的一般数值计算中,常用一个普遍常数来刻画问题的规律性或奇异性,即系统的"条件数" <math>\kappa := \sigma_{\text{max}} / \sigma_{\text{min}}</math>。这个数值通常决定了给定计算方案在这些系统上的误差率或收敛速度。<ref>{{citation | last1=Edelman | first1=Alan | date=1992 |url=https://math.mit.edu/~edelman/publications/distribution_of_a_scaled.pdf| title="On the distribution of a scaled condition number" | journal=Math. Comp. | volume=58 | issue=197 | pages=185–190 | doi=10.1090/S0025-5718-1992-1106966-2 | bibcode=1992MaCom..58..185E}}</ref><ref>{{citation | last1=Shen | first1=Jianhong (Jackie) | date=2001 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0024379500003220| title="On the singular values of Gaussian random matrices" | journal=Linear Alg. Appl. | volume=326 | issue=1–3 | pages=1–14 | doi=10.1016/S0024-3795(00)00322-0}}</ref> |