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→Several causal emergence theories
This section introduces studies that use measures of causal effects to quantify emergence phenomena.
This section introduces studies that use measures of causal effects to quantify emergence phenomena.
=== Several causal emergence theories ===
=== Theories of Emergence ===
Defining causal emergence is a key issue. Several representative works include the method based on EI by Hoel et al. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />, and the [[information decomposition]] method by Rosas et al. <ref name=":5">Rosas F E, Mediano P A, Jensen H J, et al. Reconciling emergences: An information-theoretic approach to identify causal emergence in multivariate data[J]. PLoS computational biology, 2020, 16(12): e1008289.</ref>. Zhang et al. <ref name=":2" />, also proposed a new causal emergence theory based on [[singular value decomposition]].
Defining causal emergence is a key issue. Several representative works include the method based on EI by Hoel et al. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />, and the [[information decomposition]] method by Rosas et al. <ref name=":5">Rosas F E, Mediano P A, Jensen H J, et al. Reconciling emergences: An information-theoretic approach to identify causal emergence in multivariate data[J]. PLoS computational biology, 2020, 16(12): e1008289.</ref>. Zhang et al. <ref name=":2" />, also proposed a new causal emergence theory based on [[singular value decomposition]].