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→Partial information decomposition
<math>I(X^1,X^2;V)=Red(X^1,X^2;V)+Un(X^1;V│X^2)+Un(X^2;V│X^1)+Syn(X^1,X^2;V)</math>
<math>I(X^1,X^2;V)=Red(X^1,X^2;V)+Un(X^1;V│X^2)+Un(X^2;V│X^1)+Syn(X^1,X^2;V)</math>
Among them, <math>Red(X^1,X^2;V)</math> represents [[redundant information]], which refers to the information repeatedly provided by two microstates <math>X^1</math> and <math>X^2</math> to the macrostate <math>V</math>; <math>Un(X^1;V│X^2)</math> and <math>Un(X^2;V│X^1)</math> represent [[unique information]], which refers to the information provided by each microstate variable alone to the macrostate; <math>Syn(X^1,X^2;V)</math> represents [[synergistic information]], which refers to the information provided by all microstates <math>X</math> jointly to the macrostate <math>V</math>.
Among them, <math>Red(X^1,X^2;V)</math> represents the [[redundant information]], which refers to the information repeatedly provided by two microstates <math>X^1</math> and <math>X^2</math> to the macrostate <math>V</math>; <math>Un(X^1;V│X^2)</math> and <math>Un(X^2;V│X^1)</math> represent [[unique information]], which refers to the information provided by each micro-state variable alone to the macro-state; <math>Syn(X^1,X^2;V)</math> represents the [[synergistic information]], which refers to the information provided by all micro-states <math>X</math> jointly to the macro-state <math>V</math>.
=====Definition of causal emergence=====
=====Definition of causal emergence=====