579
个编辑
更改
跳到导航
跳到搜索
第48行：
第48行： − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
→研究领域
//取得成就的研究领域
//取得成就的研究领域
'''Robert McCredie May, Baron May of Oxford''', {{postnominals|country=AUS|size=100%|sep=,|OM|AC|FRS|FAA|FTSE|FRSN|FREng}} [[Australian Institute of Building|HonFAIB]] (8 January 1936 – 28 April 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/apr/29/robert-may-former-uk-chief-scientist-led-chaos-theory-lord-dies-aged-84|title=Robert May, former UK chief scientist and chaos theory pioneer, dies aged 84|date=2020-04-29|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29}}</ref>)<ref name=whoswho/> was an Australian scientist who was formerly [[Chief Scientific Adviser to HM Government|Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government]], [[List of Presidents of the Royal Society|President of the Royal Society]],<ref>{{Cite journal
|last1=Bradbury|first1=Jane|title=Sir Robert May: A new face at the Royal Society|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)73556-X|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=356|issue=9227|pages=406–736|year=2000|pmid=10972381|pmc=}}</ref> and a professor at the [[University of Sydney]] and [[Princeton University]]. He held joint professorships in [[University of Oxford]] and [[Imperial College London]]. He was also a [[Crossbencher|crossbench]] member of the [[House of Lords]] from 2001 until his retirement in 2017.
May is a [[Fellow]] of [[Merton College, Oxford]], and an appointed member of the council of the [[British Science Association]]. He is also a member of the advisory council for the [[Campaign for Science and Engineering]].<ref name="CaSE Advisory Council">{{cite web |url=http://www.sciencecampaign.org.uk/about/who/advisory.htm |title=Advisory Council of the Campaign for Science and Engineering |accessdate=11 February 2011}}</ref>
==Early life and education==
May was born in Sydney and educated at [[Sydney Boys High School]].<ref name=whoswho/> He then attended the [[University of Sydney]], where he studied [[chemical engineering]] and [[theoretical physics]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] 1956) and received a [[PhD]] in [[theoretical physics]] in 1959.<ref name=phd>{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Robert McCredie |last=May |title=Investigations towards an understanding of superconductivity |publisher=University of Sydney |date=1959 |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/26564216 |website=trove.nla.gov.au|oclc=221204076}}</ref> He is a currently patron of the Sydney High School Old Boys Union.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shsobu.org.au/our-patrons/|title=Patrons|date=9 February 2008|publisher=}}</ref>
==Career and research==
===Early career===
Early in his career, May developed an interest in animal [[population dynamics]] and the relationship between complexity and stability in [[community ecology|natural communities]].<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = May | first1 = Robert M.
| title = Simple mathematical models with very complicated dynamics
| journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]]
| volume = 261
| issue = 5560
| pages = 459–467
| year = 1976
| pmid = 934280
| doi=10.1038/261459a0
| bibcode = 1976Natur.261..459M| hdl = 10338.dmlcz/104555
| hdl-access = free
}}</ref><ref name=googlescholar>{{Google scholar id}}</ref> He was able to make major advances in the field of population biology through the application of mathematical techniques. His work played a key role in the development of [[theoretical ecology]] through the 1970s and 1980s. He also applied these tools to the study of disease and to the study of [[biodiversity]].
May was Gordon MacKay Lecturer in Applied Mathematics at [[Harvard University]] (1959–61) and returned to the [[University of Sydney]] (1962) as senior lecturer, reader, and professor (1969–72) in [[theoretical physics]]. From 1973 until 1988, he was Class of 1977 Professor of Zoology at [[Princeton University]], serving as chairman of the University Research Board 1977{{Ndash}}88. From 1988 until 1995, he held a [[Royal Society]] Research Professorship jointly at [[Imperial College London]] and the [[University of Oxford]], where became a Fellow of [[Merton College, Oxford]] and a [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge)|Master of Arts]].{{when|date=May 2017}} He was [[Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government|Chief Scientific Adviser to HM Government]] and head of the [[Office of Science and Technology]] (1995–2000), and president of the [[Royal Society]] (2000–2005).
===Public life===
May has held subsidiary appointments as executive trustee of the [[Nuffield Foundation]], member of the board of the [[United Kingdom Sports Institute]], foundation trustee of the [[Gates Scholarship|Gates Trust]] ([[University of Cambridge]]), chairman of the board of trustees of the [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]], trustee of the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]], independent member of the [[Joint Nature Conservation Committee]], trustee of [[World Wide Fund for Nature|World Wildlife Fund-UK]], president of the [[British Ecological Society]], and member of the [[Committee on Climate Change]].
In 1996, May asked [[Ig Nobel]] to stop awarding prizes to British scientists because this might lead the public to treat worthwhile research less seriously (see [[Ig Nobel#Reception|Criticism of Ig Nobel]]).
===Climate change co-operation===
Although an [[atheism|atheist]] since age 11, May has stated that religion may help society deal with climate change. While referring to what he believes to be a rigid structure of fundamentalist religion, he stated that the co-operational aspects of non-fundamentalist religion may in fact help with climate change. When asked if religious leaders should be doing more to persuade people to combat climate change, he stated that it was absolutely necessary.<ref>Richard Alleyne, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/journalists/richard-alleyne/6146656/Maybe-religion-is-the-answer-claims-atheist-scientist.html "Maybe religion is the answer" claims-atheist-scientist], The Daily Telegraph, 7 September 2009]</ref>
===Awards and honours===
May was appointed [[Knight Bachelor]] in 1996,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=54255 |date=30 December 1995 |page=2 |supp=y}}</ref> and a [[Companion of the Order of Australia]] in 1998. In 2001, on the recommendation of the [[House of Lords Appointments Commission]], he was created a [[life peer]]. He was one of the first fifteen peers to be elevated in this manner. After his initial preference for "Baron May of [[Woollahra, New South Wales|Woollahra]]" failed an objection from the Protocol Office of the Australian [[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)|Prime Minister's Department]], he chose the style and title '''Baron May of Oxford''', of [[Oxford]] in the [[Oxfordshire|County of Oxfordshire]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=56282 |date=23 July 2001 |page=8681}}</ref><ref>Annabel Crabb, ''Good Lord, he said what?'',''[[The Sunday Age]]'', 20 November 2005</ref> He was made a member of the [[Order of Merit]] in 2002.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=56746 |date=8 November 2002 |page=13557}}</ref>
He was elected to the Fellowship of the [[Royal Society]] in 1979, a Corresponding Fellow of the [[Australian Academy of Science]] in 1991, a Foreign Member of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences]] in 1992, to the [[Academia Europaea]] in 1994 and Fellow of the [[Royal Society of New South Wales]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fellows of RSNSW |url=http://royalsoc.org.au/society/fellows.htm |publisher=RSNSW |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref> In 2005, he was appointed an Honorary [[Fellow]] of the [[Royal Academy of Engineering]].<ref name="List of Fellows"/> In 2009 Lord May became only the 7th ever Honorary Fellow of the Australian Institute of Building (HonFAIB).<ref>The first six honorary fellows of the Australian Institute of Building (HonFAIB) are: HRH Prince Philip, Sir Eric Neil AC CVO, Janet Holmes a'Court AC, James Service AO, Sir Laurence Street AC KCMG QC, and Sir John Holland AC [vale]. Subsequent appointments are Professor Marie Bashir AC CVO and Dr Kenneth Michael AC. {{Cite web |url=http://www.aib.org.au/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=AIB/ccms.r?pageid=10068 |title=Life and Honorary Fellows |publisher=[[Australian Institute of Building]] |accessdate=21 April 2014}}</ref> He has received honorary degrees from universities including [[University of Uppsala|Uppsala]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/|title=Honorary doctorates - Uppsala University, Sweden|first=David|last=Naylor|website=www.uu.se}}</ref>(1990), [[Yale]] (1993), [[University of Sydney|Sydney]] (1995), [[Princeton University|Princeton]] (1996), and the [[ETH Zurich|Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich]] (2003). He has been awarded the Weldon Memorial Prize by the [[University of Oxford]] (1980), an [[MacArthur Fellows Program|Award]] by the [[MacArthur Foundation]] (1984), the [[Linnean Medal|Medal]] of the [[Linnean Society of London]] (1991), the Marsh Christian Prize (1992), the Frink Medal by the [[Zoological Society of London]] (1995), the [[Crafoord Prize]] (1996), the [[Balzan Prize]] (1998) for Biodiversity and the [[Copley Medal]] by the [[Royal Society]] (2007) and the [[Lord Lewis Prize]] by the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]] (2008).
==Personal life==
During his [[postdoctoral research]] at the Division of Engineering and Applied Physics at Harvard University as Gordon MacKay Lecturer in Applied Mathematics, between 1959 and 1961, May met his wife, Judith Feiner,<ref name=whoswho/> a native of [[Manhattan]].<ref name="AAS">{{cite web|url=http://www.science.org.au/scientists/interviews/m/may.html|title=Lord Robert May|publisher=Australian Academy of Science}}</ref><ref>May, Robert McCredie (2001) [https://books.google.com/books?id=BDA5-ipCLt4C&pg=PR8&lpg=PR8&ots=-uqfDKMqp3&sig=ODlxW5y2_EZCVglOcIHOd2_kvmY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AAXUUsG5OIfTkwXFvIHwAw&ved=0CGMQ6AEwDA#v=onepage&f=false ''Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems''], [[Princeton University Press]] {{ISBN missing}}</ref> The Mays have a daughter, Naomi.<ref name="AAS"/>
== 就职企业、机构或院校 ==
== 就职企业、机构或院校 ==