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→Single-input modules (SIM)
In the literature, Multiple-input modules (MIM) arose as a generalization of SIM. However, the precise definitions of SIM and MIM have been a source of inconsistency. There are attempts to provide orthogonal definitions for canonical motifs in biological networks and algorithms to enumerate them, especially SIM, MIM and Bi-Fan (2x2 MIM).<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Konagurthu AS, Lesk AM |title=Single and Multiple Input Modules in regulatory networks |journal=Proteins |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=320–324 |year=2008 |doi=10.1002/prot.22053|pmid=18433061 }}</ref>
In the literature, Multiple-input modules (MIM) arose as a generalization of SIM. However, the precise definitions of SIM and MIM have been a source of inconsistency. There are attempts to provide orthogonal definitions for canonical motifs in biological networks and algorithms to enumerate them, especially SIM, MIM and Bi-Fan (2x2 MIM).<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Konagurthu AS, Lesk AM |title=Single and Multiple Input Modules in regulatory networks |journal=Proteins |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=320–324 |year=2008 |doi=10.1002/prot.22053|pmid=18433061 }}</ref>
===单一输入模块(SIM)===
当单个调控子调控一组基因，并且没有其他的调控因素时，这样的模体叫做单一输入模块（SIM）。当很多基因合作执行某个功能时这是有用的，因为这些基因需要同步地被激活。通过调节相互作用的强度，可以编排它所调控的基因表达的时间顺序。<ref name="zas1">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zaslaver A, Mayo AE, Rosenberg R, etal |title=Just-in-time transcription program in metabolic pathways |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=486–91 |date=May 2004 |pmid=15107854 |doi=10.1038/ng1348|doi-access=free }}</ref>
在文献中，多输入模块（MIM）来自于SIM的扩展。但是二者的精确定义并不太一致。有一些尝试给出生物网络中规范模体的正交定义，也有一些算法去枚举它们，特别是SIM，MIM和2x2 MIM等。<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Konagurthu AS, Lesk AM |title=Single and Multiple Input Modules in regulatory networks |journal=Proteins |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=320–324 |year=2008 |doi=10.1002/prot.22053|pmid=18433061 }}</ref>
===Dense overlapping regulons (DOR)===
===Dense overlapping regulons (DOR)===
This motif occurs in the case that several regulators combinatorially control a set of genes with diverse regulatory combinations. This motif was found in ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' in various systems such as carbon utilization, anaerobic growth, stress response and others.<ref name="she1"/><ref name="boy1"/> In order to better understand the function of this motif one has to obtain more information about the way the multiple inputs are integrated by the genes. Kaplan ''et al.''<ref name="kap2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaplan S, Bren A, Zaslaver A, Dekel E, Alon U |title=Diverse two-dimensional input functions control bacterial sugar genes |journal=Mol. Cell |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=786–92 |date=March 2008 |pmid=18374652 |pmc=2366073 |doi=10.1016/j.molcel.2008.01.021 }}</ref> has mapped the input functions of the sugar utilization genes in ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'', showing diverse shapes.
This motif occurs in the case that several regulators combinatorially control a set of genes with diverse regulatory combinations. This motif was found in ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' in various systems such as carbon utilization, anaerobic growth, stress response and others.<ref name="she1"/><ref name="boy1"/> In order to better understand the function of this motif one has to obtain more information about the way the multiple inputs are integrated by the genes. Kaplan ''et al.''<ref name="kap2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaplan S, Bren A, Zaslaver A, Dekel E, Alon U |title=Diverse two-dimensional input functions control bacterial sugar genes |journal=Mol. Cell |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=786–92 |date=March 2008 |pmid=18374652 |pmc=2366073 |doi=10.1016/j.molcel.2008.01.021 }}</ref> has mapped the input functions of the sugar utilization genes in ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'', showing diverse shapes.