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Moved page from wikipedia:en:Johns Hopkins Beast (history)
此词条暂由彩云小译翻译，未经人工整理和审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。The '''Johns Hopkins Beast''' was a mobile automaton, an early pre-[[robot]], built in the 1960s at the [[Johns Hopkins University]] [[Applied Physics Laboratory]]. The machine had a rudimentary [[Artificial intelligence|intelligence]] and the ability to survive on its own. As it wandered through the white halls of the laboratory, it would seek black wall outlets. When it found one it would plug in and recharge.
The Johns Hopkins Beast was a mobile automaton, an early pre-robot, built in the 1960s at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The machine had a rudimentary intelligence and the ability to survive on its own. As it wandered through the white halls of the laboratory, it would seek black wall outlets. When it found one it would plug in and recharge.
约翰霍普金斯野兽是一个移动自动机器人，一个早期的前机器人，建于20世纪60年代的约翰·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室。这台机器具有基本的智能和独立生存的能力。当它穿过实验室的白色大厅时，它会寻找黑色墙壁的出口。当它找到一个时，它就会插上电源充电。
The robot was [[Cybernetics|cybernetic]]. It did not use a computer. Its control circuitry consisted of dozens of [[transistor]]s controlling analog voltages. It used [[photocell]] optics and [[sonar]] to navigate. The 2N404 transistors were used to create [[NOR logic|NOR]] [[logic gate]]s that implemented the [[Boolean logic]] to tell it what to do when a specific sensor was activated. The 2N404 transistors were also used to create timing gates to tell it how long to do something. 2N1040 [[Power transistor]]s were used to control the power to the motion treads, the boom, and the charging mechanism.
The robot was cybernetic. It did not use a computer. Its control circuitry consisted of dozens of transistors controlling analog voltages. It used photocell optics and sonar to navigate. The 2N404 transistors were used to create NOR logic gates that implemented the Boolean logic to tell it what to do when a specific sensor was activated. The 2N404 transistors were also used to create timing gates to tell it how long to do something. 2N1040 Power transistors were used to control the power to the motion treads, the boom, and the charging mechanism.
这个机器人是控制论的。它没有使用电脑。它的控制电路由几十个控制模拟电压的晶体管组成。它使用光电池光学和声纳导航。2N404晶体管被用来创建 NOR 逻辑门，这个逻辑门执行布尔逻辑来告诉它当一个特定的传感器被激活时该做什么。2N404晶体管也被用来制造计时门，告诉它做某件事需要多长时间。2N1040功率晶体管被用来控制电源的运动踏板，繁荣和充电机制。
The original sensors in Mod I were physical touch only. The wall socket was detected by physical switches on the arm that followed the wall. Once detected, two electrical prongs were extended until they entered the wall socket and made the electrical connection to charge the vehicle. The stairway, doors, and pipes on the hall wall were also detected by physical switches and recognized by appropriate logic.
The original sensors in Mod I were physical touch only. The wall socket was detected by physical switches on the arm that followed the wall. Once detected, two electrical prongs were extended until they entered the wall socket and made the electrical connection to charge the vehicle. The stairway, doors, and pipes on the hall wall were also detected by physical switches and recognized by appropriate logic.
在 Mod i 中最初的传感器只是物理接触。墙上的插座是通过跟在墙上的手臂上的物理开关检测到的。一旦检测到，两个电子插头被延长，直到他们进入墙壁插座，并作出电气连接充电的车辆。大厅墙上的楼梯、门和管道也被物理开关检测到，并被合适的逻辑识别出来。
The sonar guidance system was developed for Mod I and improved for Mod II. It used two [[ultrasonic transducer]]s to determine distance, location within the halls, and obstructions in its path. This provided "The Beast" with [[bat]]-like guidance. At this point, it could detect obstructions in the hallway, such as people in the hallway. Once an obstruction was detected, the Beast would slow down and then decide whether to stop or divert around the obstruction. It could also ultrasonically recognize the stairway and doorways to take appropriate action.
The sonar guidance system was developed for Mod I and improved for Mod II. It used two ultrasonic transducers to determine distance, location within the halls, and obstructions in its path. This provided "The Beast" with bat-like guidance. At this point, it could detect obstructions in the hallway, such as people in the hallway. Once an obstruction was detected, the Beast would slow down and then decide whether to stop or divert around the obstruction. It could also ultrasonically recognize the stairway and doorways to take appropriate action.
声纳制导系统是为 Mod i 研制的，对 Mod II 进行了改进。它使用了两个超声换能器来确定距离、大厅内的位置以及路径上的障碍物。这为“野兽”提供了蝙蝠般的指导。在这一点上，它可以探测到走廊上的障碍物，比如走廊上的人。一旦发现障碍物，野兽就会减速，然后决定是停下来还是绕过障碍物。它也可以通过超声波识别楼梯和门道来采取适当的行动。
An optical guidance system was added to Mod II. This provided, among other capabilities, the ability to optically identify the black wall sockets that contrasted with the white wall.
An optical guidance system was added to Mod II. This provided, among other capabilities, the ability to optically identify the black wall sockets that contrasted with the white wall.
在 Mod II 中增加了一个光学制导系统。这提供了，除了其他能力，能够光学识别黑色墙壁插座与白色墙壁对比。
The Hopkins Beast Autonomous Robot Mod II link below was written by Dr. Ronald McConnell, at that time a co-op student and one of the designers for Mod II. Many additional references can be found at this link.
The Hopkins Beast Autonomous Robot Mod II link below was written by Dr. Ronald McConnell, at that time a co-op student and one of the designers for Mod II. Many additional references can be found at this link.
下面的霍普金斯野兽自主机器人模型 II 链接是由 Ronald McConnell 博士编写的，他当时是合作公寓的学生，也是模型 II 的设计者之一。在这个链接中可以找到许多其他的引用。
== References ==
== References ==
参考资料
* {{cite book
| first = Hans | last = Moravec | author-link =Hans Moravec
| first = Hans | last = Moravec | author-link =Hans Moravec
| first = Hans | last = Moravec | author-link =Hans Moravec
| year = 1988
| year = 1988
1988年
| title = Mind Children
| title = Mind Children
标题: 小心孩子
| url = https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora | url-access = registration | publisher = Harvard University Press
| url = https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora | url-access = registration | publisher = Harvard University Press
Https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora : 哈佛大学出版社
| page=[https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora/page/3 3]
| page=[https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora/page/3 3]
[ https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora/page/3]
}}
}}
}}
*{{cite journal
| last = Watson
| last = Watson
最后的华生
| first = David
| first = David
首先是大卫
| author2 = Scheidt, David
| author2 = Scheidt, David
2 Scheidt，David
| title = Autonomous Systems
| title = Autonomous Systems
| title Autonomous Systems
| journal = Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest
| journal = Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest
约翰霍普金斯技术文摘
| volume = 26
| volume = 26
第26卷
| issue = 4
| issue = 4
第四期
| pages = 368–376
| pages = 368–376
第368-376页
| publisher =
| publisher =
出版商
| location =
| location =
| 位置
| year = 2005
| year = 2005
2005年
| url = http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td2604/Watson.pdf
| url = http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td2604/Watson.pdf
Http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/td/td2604/watson.pdf
| issn =
| issn =
不会有事的
| doi =
| doi =
不会吧
| id =
| id =
我会的
| accessdate =
| accessdate =
访问日期
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170919024729/http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td2604/Watson.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170919024729/http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td2604/Watson.pdf
| 档案-url https://web.archive.org/web/20170919024729/http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/td/td2604/watson.pdf
| archive-date = 2017-09-19
| archive-date = 2017-09-19
| 档案-日期2017-09-19
| url-status = dead
| url-status = dead
状态死机
}}
}}
}}
== External links ==
== External links ==
外部链接
* [http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/talks/revo.slides/1960.html 1960: The Hopkins Beast]
* [http://cyberneticzoo.com/?p=1495 1962-5 – Hopkins Beast Autonomous Robot Mod II]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szGFt28BiBY APL Flashback: 1964 - "Ferdinand" the Mobile Automaton]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMpEeag7kkM&feature=relmfu APL Flashback: 1965 - The "Hopkins Beast" Mobile Automaton]
[[Category:Historical robots]]
Category:Historical robots
类别: 历史机器人
[[Category:Cybernetics]]
Category:Cybernetics
类别: 控制论
[[Category:History of artificial intelligence]]
Category:History of artificial intelligence
类别: 人工智能的历史
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University]]
Category:Johns Hopkins University
类别: 约翰·霍普金斯大学
[[Category:1960s robots]]
Category:1960s robots
类别: 20世纪60年代的机器人
[[Category:Robots of the United States]]
Category:Robots of the United States
类别: 美国机器人
[[Category:Rolling robots]]
Category:Rolling robots
类别: 滚动机器人
<noinclude>
<small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:Johns Hopkins Beast]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[约翰霍普斯金野兽/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
[[Category:待整理页面]]
The Johns Hopkins Beast was a mobile automaton, an early pre-robot, built in the 1960s at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The machine had a rudimentary intelligence and the ability to survive on its own. As it wandered through the white halls of the laboratory, it would seek black wall outlets. When it found one it would plug in and recharge.
约翰霍普金斯野兽是一个移动自动机器人，一个早期的前机器人，建于20世纪60年代的约翰·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室。这台机器具有基本的智能和独立生存的能力。当它穿过实验室的白色大厅时，它会寻找黑色墙壁的出口。当它找到一个时，它就会插上电源充电。
The robot was [[Cybernetics|cybernetic]]. It did not use a computer. Its control circuitry consisted of dozens of [[transistor]]s controlling analog voltages. It used [[photocell]] optics and [[sonar]] to navigate. The 2N404 transistors were used to create [[NOR logic|NOR]] [[logic gate]]s that implemented the [[Boolean logic]] to tell it what to do when a specific sensor was activated. The 2N404 transistors were also used to create timing gates to tell it how long to do something. 2N1040 [[Power transistor]]s were used to control the power to the motion treads, the boom, and the charging mechanism.
The robot was cybernetic. It did not use a computer. Its control circuitry consisted of dozens of transistors controlling analog voltages. It used photocell optics and sonar to navigate. The 2N404 transistors were used to create NOR logic gates that implemented the Boolean logic to tell it what to do when a specific sensor was activated. The 2N404 transistors were also used to create timing gates to tell it how long to do something. 2N1040 Power transistors were used to control the power to the motion treads, the boom, and the charging mechanism.
这个机器人是控制论的。它没有使用电脑。它的控制电路由几十个控制模拟电压的晶体管组成。它使用光电池光学和声纳导航。2N404晶体管被用来创建 NOR 逻辑门，这个逻辑门执行布尔逻辑来告诉它当一个特定的传感器被激活时该做什么。2N404晶体管也被用来制造计时门，告诉它做某件事需要多长时间。2N1040功率晶体管被用来控制电源的运动踏板，繁荣和充电机制。
The original sensors in Mod I were physical touch only. The wall socket was detected by physical switches on the arm that followed the wall. Once detected, two electrical prongs were extended until they entered the wall socket and made the electrical connection to charge the vehicle. The stairway, doors, and pipes on the hall wall were also detected by physical switches and recognized by appropriate logic.
The original sensors in Mod I were physical touch only. The wall socket was detected by physical switches on the arm that followed the wall. Once detected, two electrical prongs were extended until they entered the wall socket and made the electrical connection to charge the vehicle. The stairway, doors, and pipes on the hall wall were also detected by physical switches and recognized by appropriate logic.
在 Mod i 中最初的传感器只是物理接触。墙上的插座是通过跟在墙上的手臂上的物理开关检测到的。一旦检测到，两个电子插头被延长，直到他们进入墙壁插座，并作出电气连接充电的车辆。大厅墙上的楼梯、门和管道也被物理开关检测到，并被合适的逻辑识别出来。
The sonar guidance system was developed for Mod I and improved for Mod II. It used two [[ultrasonic transducer]]s to determine distance, location within the halls, and obstructions in its path. This provided "The Beast" with [[bat]]-like guidance. At this point, it could detect obstructions in the hallway, such as people in the hallway. Once an obstruction was detected, the Beast would slow down and then decide whether to stop or divert around the obstruction. It could also ultrasonically recognize the stairway and doorways to take appropriate action.
The sonar guidance system was developed for Mod I and improved for Mod II. It used two ultrasonic transducers to determine distance, location within the halls, and obstructions in its path. This provided "The Beast" with bat-like guidance. At this point, it could detect obstructions in the hallway, such as people in the hallway. Once an obstruction was detected, the Beast would slow down and then decide whether to stop or divert around the obstruction. It could also ultrasonically recognize the stairway and doorways to take appropriate action.
声纳制导系统是为 Mod i 研制的，对 Mod II 进行了改进。它使用了两个超声换能器来确定距离、大厅内的位置以及路径上的障碍物。这为“野兽”提供了蝙蝠般的指导。在这一点上，它可以探测到走廊上的障碍物，比如走廊上的人。一旦发现障碍物，野兽就会减速，然后决定是停下来还是绕过障碍物。它也可以通过超声波识别楼梯和门道来采取适当的行动。
An optical guidance system was added to Mod II. This provided, among other capabilities, the ability to optically identify the black wall sockets that contrasted with the white wall.
An optical guidance system was added to Mod II. This provided, among other capabilities, the ability to optically identify the black wall sockets that contrasted with the white wall.
在 Mod II 中增加了一个光学制导系统。这提供了，除了其他能力，能够光学识别黑色墙壁插座与白色墙壁对比。
The Hopkins Beast Autonomous Robot Mod II link below was written by Dr. Ronald McConnell, at that time a co-op student and one of the designers for Mod II. Many additional references can be found at this link.
The Hopkins Beast Autonomous Robot Mod II link below was written by Dr. Ronald McConnell, at that time a co-op student and one of the designers for Mod II. Many additional references can be found at this link.
下面的霍普金斯野兽自主机器人模型 II 链接是由 Ronald McConnell 博士编写的，他当时是合作公寓的学生，也是模型 II 的设计者之一。在这个链接中可以找到许多其他的引用。
== References ==
== References ==
参考资料
* {{cite book
| first = Hans | last = Moravec | author-link =Hans Moravec
| first = Hans | last = Moravec | author-link =Hans Moravec
| first = Hans | last = Moravec | author-link =Hans Moravec
| year = 1988
| year = 1988
1988年
| title = Mind Children
| title = Mind Children
标题: 小心孩子
| url = https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora | url-access = registration | publisher = Harvard University Press
| url = https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora | url-access = registration | publisher = Harvard University Press
Https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora : 哈佛大学出版社
| page=[https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora/page/3 3]
| page=[https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora/page/3 3]
[ https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora/page/3]
}}
}}
}}
*{{cite journal
| last = Watson
| last = Watson
最后的华生
| first = David
| first = David
首先是大卫
| author2 = Scheidt, David
| author2 = Scheidt, David
2 Scheidt，David
| title = Autonomous Systems
| title = Autonomous Systems
| title Autonomous Systems
| journal = Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest
| journal = Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest
约翰霍普金斯技术文摘
| volume = 26
| volume = 26
第26卷
| issue = 4
| issue = 4
第四期
| pages = 368–376
| pages = 368–376
第368-376页
| publisher =
| publisher =
出版商
| location =
| location =
| 位置
| year = 2005
| year = 2005
2005年
| url = http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td2604/Watson.pdf
| url = http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td2604/Watson.pdf
Http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/td/td2604/watson.pdf
| issn =
| issn =
不会有事的
| doi =
| doi =
不会吧
| id =
| id =
我会的
| accessdate =
| accessdate =
访问日期
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170919024729/http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td2604/Watson.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170919024729/http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td2604/Watson.pdf
| 档案-url https://web.archive.org/web/20170919024729/http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/td/td2604/watson.pdf
| archive-date = 2017-09-19
| archive-date = 2017-09-19
| 档案-日期2017-09-19
| url-status = dead
| url-status = dead
状态死机
}}
}}
}}
== External links ==
== External links ==
外部链接
* [http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/talks/revo.slides/1960.html 1960: The Hopkins Beast]
* [http://cyberneticzoo.com/?p=1495 1962-5 – Hopkins Beast Autonomous Robot Mod II]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szGFt28BiBY APL Flashback: 1964 - "Ferdinand" the Mobile Automaton]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMpEeag7kkM&feature=relmfu APL Flashback: 1965 - The "Hopkins Beast" Mobile Automaton]
[[Category:Historical robots]]
Category:Historical robots
类别: 历史机器人
[[Category:Cybernetics]]
Category:Cybernetics
类别: 控制论
[[Category:History of artificial intelligence]]
Category:History of artificial intelligence
类别: 人工智能的历史
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University]]
Category:Johns Hopkins University
类别: 约翰·霍普金斯大学
[[Category:1960s robots]]
Category:1960s robots
类别: 20世纪60年代的机器人
[[Category:Robots of the United States]]
Category:Robots of the United States
类别: 美国机器人
[[Category:Rolling robots]]
Category:Rolling robots
类别: 滚动机器人
<noinclude>
<small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:Johns Hopkins Beast]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[约翰霍普斯金野兽/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
[[Category:待整理页面]]