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第25行： − Holland was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1929. He studied physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and received a B.S. degree in 1950, then studied Mathematics at the University of Michigan, receiving an M.A. in 1954.[3] In 1959 he received the first computer science Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. He was a Professor of psychology and Professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He held visiting positions at the Rowland Institute for Science and the University of Bergen. − Holland was a member of the Board of Trustees and Science Board of the Santa Fe Institute and a fellow of the World Economic Forum.[4]+ − Holland received the 1961 Louis E. Levy Medal from The Franklin Institute, and the MacArthur Fellowship in 1992.[5][6]+ − He was profiled extensively in chapters 5 and 7 of the book Complexity (1993), by M. Mitchell Waldrop.+ − +
→生平
==生平==
==生平==
霍兰德在1929年生于美国印第安纳州的Fort Wayne。他在麻省理工学院学习物理学，并在1950年获得学士学位，然后又求学于密歇根大学，分别于1954年和1959年获得数学硕士和计算机博士学位（这是世界是第一个计算机博士学位）。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://krasnow.gmu.edu/images/DOM%20Photos/Vita%2007.doc |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 2, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911075246/http://krasnow.gmu.edu/images/DOM%20Photos/Vita%2007.doc |archivedate=September 11, 2008 }}</ref>霍兰德之后担任了密歇根大学的电气工程与计算机科学教授，兼心理学教授。此外，他还是[https://www2.rowland.harvard.edu/ 罗兰德科学研究所]和[https://www.uib.no/en 卑尔根大学]的访问学者。
霍兰德还担任[[圣塔菲研究所|圣塔菲研究所_Santa_Fe_Institute]]的董事会亦即科学指导委员会成员，同时也是世界经济论坛的成员。<ref name="SantaFe">{{cite web |url=http://www.santafe.edu/about/people/profile/John%20H.%20Holland |title=Profile: John H. Holland |publisher=[[Santa Fe Institute]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202004956/http://www.santafe.edu/about/people/profile/John%20H.%20Holland |archivedate=February 2, 2013 }}</ref>
霍兰德在1961年获授富兰克林研究所的Louis E. Levy奖，还在1992年被授予麦克阿瑟天才奖。<ref name="LevyMedal_Laureates">{{cite web|url=http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=LEVY+&sy=1923&ey=1999&name=Submit |title=Franklin Laureate Database - Louis E. Levy Medal Laureates |publisher=Franklin Institute |accessdate=January 22, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629195033/http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=LEVY+&sy=1923&ey=1999&name=Submit |archivedate=June 29, 2011 }}</ref><ref>https://www.macfound.org/fellows/463/</ref>
Holland died on August 9, 2015 in Ann Arbor, Michigan.[7]
2015年8月9日，霍兰德在密歇根安娜堡与世长辞。<ref>[http://www.santafe.edu/news/item/in-memoriam-john-holland/ Complexity science pioneer John Holland passes away at 86] at santafe.edu</ref>
== 研究领域 ==
== 研究领域 ==