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→Interdependent networks
{{main|Interdependent networks}}
{{main|Interdependent networks}}
An interdependent network is a system of coupled networks where nodes of one or more networks depend on nodes in other networks. Such dependencies are enhanced by the developments in modern technology. Dependencies may lead to cascading failures between the networks and a relatively small failure can lead to a catastrophic breakdown of the system. Blackouts are a fascinating demonstration of the important role played by the dependencies between networks. A recent study developed a framework to study the cascading failures in an interdependent networks system.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=S. V. Buldyrev |author2=R. Parshani |author3=G. Paul |author4=H. E. Stanley |author5=S. Havlin |title = Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks|journal = Nature |volume = 464 |pages = 1025–28 |year = 2010 | doi=10.1038/nature08932 |issue=7291|url=http://havlin.biu.ac.il/Publications.php?keyword=Catastrophic+cascade+of+failures+in+interdependent+networks&year=*&match=all |bibcode=2010Natur.464.1025B|arxiv = 0907.1182 |pmid=20393559}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Jianxi |last=Gao|first2= Sergey V.|last2= Buldyrev|first3= Shlomo |last3=Havlin|first4= H. Eugene|last4= Stanley|title=Robustness of a Network of Networks|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|year=2011|volume=107|pages=195701|url=http://havlin.biu.ac.il/Publications.php?keyword=Robustness+of+a+Tree-like+Network+of+Interdependent+Networks&year=*&match=all | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.195701|bibcode=2011PhRvL.107s5701G|arxiv = 1010.5829|issue=19|pmid=22181627 }}</ref>
An interdependent network is a system of coupled networks where nodes of one or more networks depend on nodes in other networks. Such dependencies are enhanced by the developments in modern technology. Dependencies may lead to cascading failures between the networks and a relatively small failure can lead to a catastrophic breakdown of the system. Blackouts are a fascinating demonstration of the important role played by the dependencies between networks. A recent study developed a framework to study the cascading failures in an interdependent networks system.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=S. V. Buldyrev |author2=R. Parshani |author3=G. Paul |author4=H. E. Stanley |author5=S. Havlin |title = Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks|journal = Nature |volume = 464 |pages = 1025–28 |year = 2010 | doi=10.1038/nature08932 |issue=7291|url=http://havlin.biu.ac.il/Publications.php?keyword=Catastrophic+cascade+of+failures+in+interdependent+networks&year=*&match=all |bibcode=2010Natur.464.1025B|arxiv = 0907.1182 |pmid=20393559}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Jianxi |last=Gao|first2= Sergey V.|last2= Buldyrev|first3= Shlomo |last3=Havlin|first4= H. Eugene|last4= Stanley|title=Robustness of a Network of Networks|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|year=2011|volume=107|pages=195701|url=http://havlin.biu.ac.il/Publications.php?keyword=Robustness+of+a+Tree-like+Network+of+Interdependent+Networks&year=*&match=all | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.195701|bibcode=2011PhRvL.107s5701G|arxiv = 1010.5829|issue=19|pmid=22181627 }}</ref>
==相依网络==
{{main|Interdependent networks}}
相依网络是一个耦合的网路系统，其中一个或多个网络的节点依赖于其他网络中的节点。这样的依赖性在现代科技的发展中被强化。依赖关系可能导致网络之间的级联故障，一个相对较小的故障可能导致系统的灾难性崩溃。最近的一项研究开发了一个框架来研究相互依赖的网络系统中的级联故障。<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=S. V. Buldyrev |author2=R. Parshani |author3=G. Paul |author4=H. E. Stanley |author5=S. Havlin |title = Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks|journal = Nature |volume = 464 |pages = 1025–28 |year = 2010 | doi=10.1038/nature08932 |issue=7291|url=http://havlin.biu.ac.il/Publications.php?keyword=Catastrophic+cascade+of+failures+in+interdependent+networks&year=*&match=all |bibcode=2010Natur.464.1025B|arxiv = 0907.1182 |pmid=20393559}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Jianxi |last=Gao|first2= Sergey V.|last2= Buldyrev|first3= Shlomo |last3=Havlin|first4= H. Eugene|last4= Stanley|title=Robustness of a Network of Networks|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|year=2011|volume=107|pages=195701|url=http://havlin.biu.ac.il/Publications.php?keyword=Robustness+of+a+Tree-like+Network+of+Interdependent+Networks&year=*&match=all | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.195701|bibcode=2011PhRvL.107s5701G|arxiv = 1010.5829|issue=19|pmid=22181627 }}</ref>
==Multilayer networks==
==Multilayer networks==