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Moved page from wikipedia:en:Economic Complexity Index (history)
此词条暂由彩云小译翻译，未经人工整理和审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。
The '''Economic Complexity Index''' ('''ECI''') is a [[holistic]] measure of the productive capabilities of large economic systems, usually cities, regions, or countries. In particular, the ECI looks to explain the knowledge accumulated in a population and that is expressed in the economic activities present in a city, country, or region. To achieve this goal, the ECI defines the knowledge available in a location, as the average knowledge of the activities present in it, and the knowledge of an activity as the average knowledge of the places where that economic activity is conducted. The product equivalent of the Economic Complexity Index is the Product Complexity Index or PCI.
The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) is a holistic measure of the productive capabilities of large economic systems, usually cities, regions, or countries. In particular, the ECI looks to explain the knowledge accumulated in a population and that is expressed in the economic activities present in a city, country, or region. To achieve this goal, the ECI defines the knowledge available in a location, as the average knowledge of the activities present in it, and the knowledge of an activity as the average knowledge of the places where that economic activity is conducted. The product equivalent of the Economic Complexity Index is the Product Complexity Index or PCI.
经济复杂性指数(ECI)是衡量大型经济系统(通常是城市、地区或国家)生产能力的整体指标。特别是，出口信用指数着眼于解释在一个人口中积累的知识，这些知识表现在一个城市、国家或地区的经济活动中。为了实现这一目标，出口信贷倡议将一个地点的可用知识定义为该地点所开展活动的平均知识，将一项活动的平均知识定义为开展该经济活动的地点的平均知识。与经济复杂性指数等价的产品是产品复杂性指数或 PCI。
[[File:Index of economic complexity - Iran.svg|thumb|Economic complexity index for [[Iran]] (1964–2014)]]
Economic complexity index for [[Iran (1964–2014)]]
经济复杂性指数[[伊朗(1964-2014)]
== Background ==
The ECI was developed by [[Cesar A. Hidalgo]], from the MIT Media Lab and [[Ricardo Hausmann]], from Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. ECI data is available in [[The Observatory of Economic Complexity]]. The original formulation of the Economic Complexity Index was published in PNAS in 2009.<ref>{{cite journal | title= The Building Blocks of Economic Complexity | author= Cesar A. Hidalgo, Ricardo Hausmann | journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | publisher=PNAS | year=2009| volume= 106 | issue= 26 | pages= 10570–10575 | doi= 10.1073/pnas.0900943106 | pmid= 19549871 | pmc= 2705545 | arxiv= 0909.3890 | bibcode= 2009PNAS..10610570H }}</ref>
The ECI was developed by Cesar A. Hidalgo, from the MIT Media Lab and Ricardo Hausmann, from Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. ECI data is available in The Observatory of Economic Complexity. The original formulation of the Economic Complexity Index was published in PNAS in 2009.
Eci 是由麻省理工学院媒体实验室的 Cesar a. Hidalgo 和哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院的 Ricardo Hausmann 共同开发的。Eci 的数据可在经济复杂性观测站获得。经济复杂性指数的原始公式于2009年发表在美国国家科学院院刊上。
== Formulation ==
In its strict mathematical definition, the ECI is defined in terms of an [[eigenvector]] of a [[Matrix (mathematics)|matrix]] connecting countries to countries, which is a projection of the matrix connecting countries to the products they export. Since the ECI considers information on the diversity of countries and the ubiquity of products, it is able to produce a measure of economic complexity containing information about both the diversity of a country's export and their sophistication. For example, Japan or Germany, with high ECIs, export many goods that are of low ubiquity and that are produced by highly diversified countries, indicating that these are diverse and sophisticated economies. Countries with low ECI, like Angola or Zambia, export only a few products, which are of relatively high ubiquity and which are exported by countries that are not necessarily very diversified, indicating that these are countries that have little diversity and that the products that they export are not very sophisticated.
In its strict mathematical definition, the ECI is defined in terms of an eigenvector of a matrix connecting countries to countries, which is a projection of the matrix connecting countries to the products they export. Since the ECI considers information on the diversity of countries and the ubiquity of products, it is able to produce a measure of economic complexity containing information about both the diversity of a country's export and their sophistication. For example, Japan or Germany, with high ECIs, export many goods that are of low ubiquity and that are produced by highly diversified countries, indicating that these are diverse and sophisticated economies. Countries with low ECI, like Angola or Zambia, export only a few products, which are of relatively high ubiquity and which are exported by countries that are not necessarily very diversified, indicating that these are countries that have little diversity and that the products that they export are not very sophisticated.
在其严格的数学定义中，出口信用保险是根据连接国家与国家的矩阵的特征向量定义的，这是连接国家与其出口产品的矩阵的投影。由于欧洲出口信息中心审查关于国家多样性和产品普遍性的信息，因此能够产生一种衡量经济复杂性的尺度，其中既包括关于一国出口多样性的信息，也包括关于其复杂性的信息。例如，日本或德国的出口信用指数较高，出口的许多商品普遍性较低，而且是由高度多样化的国家生产的，这表明这些国家是多样化和先进的经济体。出口信用保险指数低的国家，如安哥拉或赞比亚，只出口少数产品，这些产品普遍性较高，出口国不一定非常多样化，这表明这些国家没有多样性，出口的产品也不十分复杂。
== Utility ==
Hidalgo and Hausmann propose the concept of ECI not only as a descriptive measure, but also as a predictive tool for [[economic growth]] and [[income inequality]]. According to the statistics models presented in their [[The Atlas of Economic Complexity|Atlas of Economic Complexity]] (2011),<ref>{{cite web |url= http://atlas.media.mit.edu/book/ |title= The Atlas of Economic Complexity |author= Ricardo Hausmann, Cesar Hidalgo |publisher= Puritan Press, Cambridge MA |accessdate= 26 April 2012 |display-authors= etal |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120518210853/http://atlas.media.mit.edu/book/ |archivedate= 18 May 2012 }}</ref> the ECI is a more accurate predictor of GDP per capita growth than traditional measures of governance, competitiveness (World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index) and human capital (as measured in terms of educational attainment). ECI also shows a strong negative correlation with income inequality, suggesting that more knowledge intense productive structures are more inclusive in terms of income distribution, and providing a statistically more powerful explanation of cross-national variations in income inequality than [[Kuznets Curve]].<ref>{{citation |author= Dominik Hartmann, Miguel Guevara, Cristian Jara-Figueroa, Manuel Aristaran, Cesar Hidalgo |title= Linking Economic Complexity, Institutions, and Income Inequality |journal= World Development |year=2018 |volume= 93 |pages= 75–93 |doi= 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.020 |arxiv= 1505.07907 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X15309876}}</ref>
Hidalgo and Hausmann propose the concept of ECI not only as a descriptive measure, but also as a predictive tool for economic growth and income inequality. According to the statistics models presented in their Atlas of Economic Complexity (2011), the ECI is a more accurate predictor of GDP per capita growth than traditional measures of governance, competitiveness (World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index) and human capital (as measured in terms of educational attainment). ECI also shows a strong negative correlation with income inequality, suggesting that more knowledge intense productive structures are more inclusive in terms of income distribution, and providing a statistically more powerful explanation of cross-national variations in income inequality than Kuznets Curve.
伊达尔戈和豪斯曼提出的出口信用保险的概念，不仅是一个描述性的措施，而且作为一个预测工具，经济增长和收入不平等。根据2011年经济复杂性图表集中的统计模型，与传统的治理、竞争力和人力资本指数相比，出口信用指数是一个更准确的人均 GDP 增长预测器(世界经济论坛的全球竞争力指数) ，以及人力资本学历。出口信贷指数还显示出与收入不平等的强烈负相关性，表明知识密集型的生产结构在收入分配方面更具包容性，对收入不平等的跨国变化提供了比库兹涅茨曲线更有力的统计学解释。
== See also ==
* [[Complexity science]]
* [[Econophysics]]
* [[List of countries by economic complexity]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Economic indicators]]
Category:Economic indicators
类别: 经济指标
[[Category:Complexity economics]]
Category:Complexity economics
分类: 复杂性经济学
{{Econometrics-stub}}
<noinclude>
<small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:Economic Complexity Index]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[经济复杂性指数/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
[[Category:待整理页面]]
The '''Economic Complexity Index''' ('''ECI''') is a [[holistic]] measure of the productive capabilities of large economic systems, usually cities, regions, or countries. In particular, the ECI looks to explain the knowledge accumulated in a population and that is expressed in the economic activities present in a city, country, or region. To achieve this goal, the ECI defines the knowledge available in a location, as the average knowledge of the activities present in it, and the knowledge of an activity as the average knowledge of the places where that economic activity is conducted. The product equivalent of the Economic Complexity Index is the Product Complexity Index or PCI.
The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) is a holistic measure of the productive capabilities of large economic systems, usually cities, regions, or countries. In particular, the ECI looks to explain the knowledge accumulated in a population and that is expressed in the economic activities present in a city, country, or region. To achieve this goal, the ECI defines the knowledge available in a location, as the average knowledge of the activities present in it, and the knowledge of an activity as the average knowledge of the places where that economic activity is conducted. The product equivalent of the Economic Complexity Index is the Product Complexity Index or PCI.
经济复杂性指数(ECI)是衡量大型经济系统(通常是城市、地区或国家)生产能力的整体指标。特别是，出口信用指数着眼于解释在一个人口中积累的知识，这些知识表现在一个城市、国家或地区的经济活动中。为了实现这一目标，出口信贷倡议将一个地点的可用知识定义为该地点所开展活动的平均知识，将一项活动的平均知识定义为开展该经济活动的地点的平均知识。与经济复杂性指数等价的产品是产品复杂性指数或 PCI。
[[File:Index of economic complexity - Iran.svg|thumb|Economic complexity index for [[Iran]] (1964–2014)]]
Economic complexity index for [[Iran (1964–2014)]]
经济复杂性指数[[伊朗(1964-2014)]
== Background ==
The ECI was developed by [[Cesar A. Hidalgo]], from the MIT Media Lab and [[Ricardo Hausmann]], from Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. ECI data is available in [[The Observatory of Economic Complexity]]. The original formulation of the Economic Complexity Index was published in PNAS in 2009.<ref>{{cite journal | title= The Building Blocks of Economic Complexity | author= Cesar A. Hidalgo, Ricardo Hausmann | journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | publisher=PNAS | year=2009| volume= 106 | issue= 26 | pages= 10570–10575 | doi= 10.1073/pnas.0900943106 | pmid= 19549871 | pmc= 2705545 | arxiv= 0909.3890 | bibcode= 2009PNAS..10610570H }}</ref>
The ECI was developed by Cesar A. Hidalgo, from the MIT Media Lab and Ricardo Hausmann, from Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. ECI data is available in The Observatory of Economic Complexity. The original formulation of the Economic Complexity Index was published in PNAS in 2009.
Eci 是由麻省理工学院媒体实验室的 Cesar a. Hidalgo 和哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院的 Ricardo Hausmann 共同开发的。Eci 的数据可在经济复杂性观测站获得。经济复杂性指数的原始公式于2009年发表在美国国家科学院院刊上。
== Formulation ==
In its strict mathematical definition, the ECI is defined in terms of an [[eigenvector]] of a [[Matrix (mathematics)|matrix]] connecting countries to countries, which is a projection of the matrix connecting countries to the products they export. Since the ECI considers information on the diversity of countries and the ubiquity of products, it is able to produce a measure of economic complexity containing information about both the diversity of a country's export and their sophistication. For example, Japan or Germany, with high ECIs, export many goods that are of low ubiquity and that are produced by highly diversified countries, indicating that these are diverse and sophisticated economies. Countries with low ECI, like Angola or Zambia, export only a few products, which are of relatively high ubiquity and which are exported by countries that are not necessarily very diversified, indicating that these are countries that have little diversity and that the products that they export are not very sophisticated.
In its strict mathematical definition, the ECI is defined in terms of an eigenvector of a matrix connecting countries to countries, which is a projection of the matrix connecting countries to the products they export. Since the ECI considers information on the diversity of countries and the ubiquity of products, it is able to produce a measure of economic complexity containing information about both the diversity of a country's export and their sophistication. For example, Japan or Germany, with high ECIs, export many goods that are of low ubiquity and that are produced by highly diversified countries, indicating that these are diverse and sophisticated economies. Countries with low ECI, like Angola or Zambia, export only a few products, which are of relatively high ubiquity and which are exported by countries that are not necessarily very diversified, indicating that these are countries that have little diversity and that the products that they export are not very sophisticated.
在其严格的数学定义中，出口信用保险是根据连接国家与国家的矩阵的特征向量定义的，这是连接国家与其出口产品的矩阵的投影。由于欧洲出口信息中心审查关于国家多样性和产品普遍性的信息，因此能够产生一种衡量经济复杂性的尺度，其中既包括关于一国出口多样性的信息，也包括关于其复杂性的信息。例如，日本或德国的出口信用指数较高，出口的许多商品普遍性较低，而且是由高度多样化的国家生产的，这表明这些国家是多样化和先进的经济体。出口信用保险指数低的国家，如安哥拉或赞比亚，只出口少数产品，这些产品普遍性较高，出口国不一定非常多样化，这表明这些国家没有多样性，出口的产品也不十分复杂。
== Utility ==
Hidalgo and Hausmann propose the concept of ECI not only as a descriptive measure, but also as a predictive tool for [[economic growth]] and [[income inequality]]. According to the statistics models presented in their [[The Atlas of Economic Complexity|Atlas of Economic Complexity]] (2011),<ref>{{cite web |url= http://atlas.media.mit.edu/book/ |title= The Atlas of Economic Complexity |author= Ricardo Hausmann, Cesar Hidalgo |publisher= Puritan Press, Cambridge MA |accessdate= 26 April 2012 |display-authors= etal |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120518210853/http://atlas.media.mit.edu/book/ |archivedate= 18 May 2012 }}</ref> the ECI is a more accurate predictor of GDP per capita growth than traditional measures of governance, competitiveness (World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index) and human capital (as measured in terms of educational attainment). ECI also shows a strong negative correlation with income inequality, suggesting that more knowledge intense productive structures are more inclusive in terms of income distribution, and providing a statistically more powerful explanation of cross-national variations in income inequality than [[Kuznets Curve]].<ref>{{citation |author= Dominik Hartmann, Miguel Guevara, Cristian Jara-Figueroa, Manuel Aristaran, Cesar Hidalgo |title= Linking Economic Complexity, Institutions, and Income Inequality |journal= World Development |year=2018 |volume= 93 |pages= 75–93 |doi= 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.020 |arxiv= 1505.07907 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X15309876}}</ref>
Hidalgo and Hausmann propose the concept of ECI not only as a descriptive measure, but also as a predictive tool for economic growth and income inequality. According to the statistics models presented in their Atlas of Economic Complexity (2011), the ECI is a more accurate predictor of GDP per capita growth than traditional measures of governance, competitiveness (World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index) and human capital (as measured in terms of educational attainment). ECI also shows a strong negative correlation with income inequality, suggesting that more knowledge intense productive structures are more inclusive in terms of income distribution, and providing a statistically more powerful explanation of cross-national variations in income inequality than Kuznets Curve.
伊达尔戈和豪斯曼提出的出口信用保险的概念，不仅是一个描述性的措施，而且作为一个预测工具，经济增长和收入不平等。根据2011年经济复杂性图表集中的统计模型，与传统的治理、竞争力和人力资本指数相比，出口信用指数是一个更准确的人均 GDP 增长预测器(世界经济论坛的全球竞争力指数) ，以及人力资本学历。出口信贷指数还显示出与收入不平等的强烈负相关性，表明知识密集型的生产结构在收入分配方面更具包容性，对收入不平等的跨国变化提供了比库兹涅茨曲线更有力的统计学解释。
== See also ==
* [[Complexity science]]
* [[Econophysics]]
* [[List of countries by economic complexity]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Economic indicators]]
Category:Economic indicators
类别: 经济指标
[[Category:Complexity economics]]
Category:Complexity economics
分类: 复杂性经济学
{{Econometrics-stub}}
<noinclude>
<small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:Economic Complexity Index]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[经济复杂性指数/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
[[Category:待整理页面]]