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第54行： − 对于利用计算工具来预测宏观的社会与经济行为产生的怀疑渐增，因此社会科学家将其注意力转向了微观模拟模型（microsimulation），借由模拟个人层级个体的状态渐进改变，而非人口层级的分布的改变，社会学家们作出了预测，也研究政策的效果<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0167-2681(90)90038-F|title=From engineering to microsimulation : An autobiographical reflection |journal=Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization |year=1990 |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=5–27 |first=Guy H. |last=Orcutt}}</ref>。+
→宏观模拟与微观模拟
尽管在这份报告发表后的1970年代中期，对社会体系的模拟因而得到了大量的关注，<ref>{{cite book|title=The Dynamics of Growth in a Finite World |last1=Meadows |first1=DL |last2=Behrens |first2=WW |last3=Meadows |first3=DH |last4=Naill |first4=RF |last5= Randers |first5=J |last6=Zahn |first6=EK |year=1974 |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=MIT Press}}</ref>
尽管在这份报告发表后的1970年代中期，对社会体系的模拟因而得到了大量的关注，<ref>{{cite book|title=The Dynamics of Growth in a Finite World |last1=Meadows |first1=DL |last2=Behrens |first2=WW |last3=Meadows |first3=DH |last4=Naill |first4=RF |last5= Randers |first5=J |last6=Zahn |first6=EK |year=1974 |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=MIT Press}}</ref>
然而模型的结果被认为对于模型的假设非常敏感（在罗马俱乐部的例子中，仅有少数的证据支持），亦暂时使得这初生的领域失去可信度。<ref name="SfSS1">{{cite book|last1=Gilbert |first1=Nigel |last2=Troitzsch |first2=Klaus |year=2005 |title=Simulation for Social Scientists |edition=2 |chapter=Simulation and social science |publisher=Open University Press |chapter-url=http://cress.soc.surrey.ac.uk/s4ss/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Computer View of Disaster Is Rebutted |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 18, 1974|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/18/archives/computer-view-of-disaster-is-rebutted.html?_r=0}}</ref>
然而模型的结果被认为对于模型的假设非常敏感（在罗马俱乐部的例子中，仅有少数的证据支持），亦暂时使得这初生的领域失去可信度。<ref name="SfSS1">{{cite book|last1=Gilbert |first1=Nigel |last2=Troitzsch |first2=Klaus |year=2005 |title=Simulation for Social Scientists |edition=2 |chapter=Simulation and social science |publisher=Open University Press |chapter-url=http://cress.soc.surrey.ac.uk/s4ss/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Computer View of Disaster Is Rebutted |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 18, 1974|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/18/archives/computer-view-of-disaster-is-rebutted.html?_r=0}}</ref>
对于利用计算工具来预测宏观的社会与经济行为产生的怀疑渐增，因此社会科学家将其注意力转向了微观模拟模型 microsimulation，借由模拟个人层级个体的状态渐进改变，而非人口层级的分布的改变，社会学家们作出了预测，也研究政策的效果<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0167-2681(90)90038-F|title=From engineering to microsimulation : An autobiographical reflection |journal=Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization |year=1990 |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=5–27 |first=Guy H. |last=Orcutt}}</ref>。
然而，这些微观模拟模型并未允许个体进行互动或适应，其目的也非基本理论研究<ref name="MW">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141117|title=From Factors to Actors: Computational Sociology and Agent-Based Modeling |first1=Michael W. |last1=Macy |first2=Robert |last2=Willer |journal=Annual Review of Sociology |volume=28 |pages=143–166 |jstor=3069238|year=2002}}</ref>。
然而，这些微观模拟模型并未允许个体进行互动或适应，其目的也非基本理论研究<ref name="MW">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141117|title=From Factors to Actors: Computational Sociology and Agent-Based Modeling |first1=Michael W. |last1=Macy |first2=Robert |last2=Willer |journal=Annual Review of Sociology |volume=28 |pages=143–166 |jstor=3069238|year=2002}}</ref>。