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→社会网络分析
</ref> These entities are often persons, but may also be [[Group (sociology)|groups]], [[organizations]], [[nation states]], [[web sites]], [[scientometrics|scholarly publications]].
</ref> These entities are often persons, but may also be [[Group (sociology)|groups]], [[organizations]], [[nation states]], [[web sites]], [[scientometrics|scholarly publications]].
社会网络分析考察了社会实体之间的关系结构。 [27]这些实体通常是个人，但也可能是团体、组织、民族国家、网站、学术出版物。
Since the 1970s, the empirical study of networks has played a central role in social science, and many of the mathematical and statistical tools used for studying networks have been first developed in sociology.[28] Amongst many other applications, social network analysis has been used to understand the diffusion of innovations, news and rumors. Similarly, it has been used to examine the spread of both diseases and health-related behaviors. It has also been applied to the study of markets, where it has been used to examine the role of trust in exchange relationships and of social mechanisms in setting prices. Similarly, it has been used to study recruitment into political movements and social organizations. It has also been used to conceptualize scientific disagreements as well as academic prestige. More recently, network analysis (and its close cousin traffic analysis) has gained a significant use in military intelligence, for uncovering insurgent networks of both hierarchical and leaderless nature.[29][30]In criminology, it is being used to identify influential actors in criminal gangs, offender movements, co-offending, predict criminal activities and make policies.[31]
Since the 1970s, the empirical study of networks has played a central role in social science, and many of the [[Mathematics|mathematical]] and [[Statistics|statistical]] tools used for studying networks have been first developed in [[sociology]].<ref name="Newman">Newman, M.E.J. ''Networks: An Introduction.'' Oxford University Press. 2010, {{ISBN|978-0199206650}}</ref> Amongst many other applications, social network analysis has been used to understand the [[diffusion of innovations]], news and rumors. Similarly, it has been used to examine the spread of both [[epidemiology|diseases]] and [[Medical sociology|health-related behaviors]]. It has also been applied to the [[Economic sociology|study of markets]], where it has been used to examine the role of trust in [[Social exchange|exchange relationships]] and of social mechanisms in setting prices. Similarly, it has been used to study recruitment into [[political movement]]s and social organizations. It has also been used to conceptualize scientific disagreements as well as academic prestige. More recently, network analysis (and its close cousin [[traffic analysis]]) has gained a significant use in military intelligence, for uncovering insurgent networks of both hierarchical and [[leaderless resistance|leaderless]] nature.<ref name=GT-33/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/941/863 |title=Network analysis of terrorist networks |access-date=2011-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123010939/http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/941/863 |archive-date=2012-11-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>In [[Social network analysis (criminology)|criminology]], it is being used to identify influential actors in criminal gangs, offender movements, co-offending, predict criminal activities and make policies.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=PhD|first=Martin Bouchard|last2=PhD|first2=Aili Malm|date=2016-11-02|title=Social Network Analysis and Its Contribution to Research on Crime and Criminal Justice|url=https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935383.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935383-e-21|language=en|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935383.013.21}}</ref>
自20世纪70年代以来，对网络的实证研究在21社会科学发挥了核心作用，许多用于研究网络的数学和统计工具最早是在社会学中发展起来的。 [28]在众多的应用中，社会网络分析被用来分析产品创新、新闻和谣言的扩散机制，同时也被用来检测疾病传播和与健康相关的行为。它也被应用于市场研究，主要用于分析信任在交换关系中的作用和社会机制在市场定价中的作用。 同样，它也可以用于研究政治运动和社会组织的招募问题，以及概念化科学分歧和学术声望。 最近，网络分析(及其相近概念流量分析)在军事情报中得到了重要的应用，用于揭露叛乱者网络层级性和无领导性的本质。 在犯罪学中，它也被用来识别犯罪团伙、犯罪运动、共同犯罪以及预测犯罪活动等，从而制定相应的政策。 [31]
自20世纪70年代以来，对网络的实证研究在21社会科学发挥了核心作用，许多用于研究网络的数学和统计工具最早是在社会学中发展起来的。 [28]在众多的应用中，社会网络分析被用来分析产品创新、新闻和谣言的扩散机制，同时也被用来检测疾病传播和与健康相关的行为。它也被应用于市场研究，主要用于分析信任在交换关系中的作用和社会机制在市场定价中的作用。 同样，它也可以用于研究政治运动和社会组织的招募问题，以及概念化科学分歧和学术声望。 最近，网络分析(及其相近概念流量分析)在军事情报中得到了重要的应用，用于揭露叛乱者网络层级性和无领导性的本质。 在犯罪学中，它也被用来识别犯罪团伙、犯罪运动、共同犯罪以及预测犯罪活动等，从而制定相应的政策。 [31]
===Dynamic network analysis===
===Dynamic network analysis===