− | 梅勒妮·米歇尔认为有必要首先区分知识和智慧。诸如“埃菲尔铁塔有多高”是确切可以掌握的知识而“提高最低工资是否能改善贫困”则不是一个可以简单得到的知识。当人们谈到人工智能会给人带来“幸福”或“不幸”时,也会遇到每个人所定义的“幸福”或“不幸”究竟有什么内涵,是否可以用一组确切的知识来衡量的问题。而机器只能处理知识却很难掌握智慧,它们对人类世界的了解很有限,因此无法对人类可以简单地推测到的行为做出正确判断,因此它们也就不能掌握“幸福”和“不幸”这些概念的奥义。他们也许可以识别物体,但是不能将各个碎片拼接和联系起来,因此他们无法理解诸如“情感”这些层面的事情,也就无法带给人们“幸福”或“不幸”。她认为,在当前的计算机视觉中,输入数据的质量会很大程度影响机器学习的效果,机器没办法自己指导自己学习;诚然人类也会机械地对事物进行联系,形成个人的记忆和理解外界的体系,但是如米奇·卡普尔Mitch Kapor所言,除非人工智能经历了人类大脑经历的生活体验并将其分类,否则它们永远不会是“智能”的。
| + | 梅勒妮·米歇尔认为有必要首先区分知识和智能。诸如“埃菲尔铁塔有多高”是确切可以掌握的知识而“提高最低工资是否能改善贫困”则不是一个可以简单得到的知识。当人们谈到人工智能会给人带来“幸福”或“不幸”时,也会遇到每个人所定义的“幸福”或“不幸”究竟有什么内涵,是否可以用一组确切的知识来衡量的问题。而机器只能处理知识却很难掌握智能,它们对人类世界的了解很有限,因此无法对人类可以简单地推测到的行为做出正确判断,因此它们也就不能掌握“幸福”和“不幸”这些概念的奥义。他们也许可以识别物体,但是不能将各个碎片拼接和联系起来,因此他们无法理解诸如“情感”这些层面的事情,也就无法带给人们“幸福”或“不幸”。她认为,在当前的计算机视觉中,输入数据的质量会很大程度影响机器学习的效果,机器没办法自己指导自己学习;诚然人类也会机械地对事物进行联系,形成个人的记忆和理解外界的体系,但是如米奇·卡普尔Mitch Kapor所言,除非人工智能经历了人类大脑经历的生活体验并将其分类,否则它们永远不会是“智能”的。 |
| “'Intelligence' is one of those words that means different things in different contexts. (It means different things to different people. Here we are sitting in Washington, DC, and I think a lot of the country, a lot of people in the country think, 'Oh, Congress--there there's no intelligence there.' But, when I go around giving talks about AI and I say, 'Well, computers aren't very intelligent yet,' people tell me, 'Well, human beings aren't very intelligent, either.' But they're using the term just very differently. Intelligence isn't just one thing. )It's not a yes or no thing either. And I think one of the problems is we don't have a good sense of what intelligence is. We don't understand our own intelligence very well. Our state of understanding the brain is still quite limited. Our understanding of human psychology is still rather limited. And I think intelligence is the one of those terms that's a placeholder for things we don't understand yet. It's kind of a phenomenon that we kind of have a general idea of what it is but we don't know specifically, and it's just waiting for more scientific advances to replace it with something more useful.” | | “'Intelligence' is one of those words that means different things in different contexts. (It means different things to different people. Here we are sitting in Washington, DC, and I think a lot of the country, a lot of people in the country think, 'Oh, Congress--there there's no intelligence there.' But, when I go around giving talks about AI and I say, 'Well, computers aren't very intelligent yet,' people tell me, 'Well, human beings aren't very intelligent, either.' But they're using the term just very differently. Intelligence isn't just one thing. )It's not a yes or no thing either. And I think one of the problems is we don't have a good sense of what intelligence is. We don't understand our own intelligence very well. Our state of understanding the brain is still quite limited. Our understanding of human psychology is still rather limited. And I think intelligence is the one of those terms that's a placeholder for things we don't understand yet. It's kind of a phenomenon that we kind of have a general idea of what it is but we don't know specifically, and it's just waiting for more scientific advances to replace it with something more useful.” |