模板:Table of thermodynamic potentials

Name	Symbol	Formula	Natural variables
Internal energy	[math]\displaystyle{ U }[/math]	[math]\displaystyle{ \int ( T \text{d}S - p \text{d}V + \sum_i \mu_i \text{d}N_i ) }[/math]	[math]\displaystyle{ S, V, \{N_i\} }[/math]
Helmholtz free energy	[math]\displaystyle{ F }[/math]	[math]\displaystyle{ U - TS }[/math]	[math]\displaystyle{ T, V, \{N_i\} }[/math]
Enthalpy	[math]\displaystyle{ H }[/math]	[math]\displaystyle{ U + pV }[/math]	[math]\displaystyle{ S, p, \{N_i\} }[/math]
Gibbs free energy	[math]\displaystyle{ G }[/math]	[math]\displaystyle{ U + pV - TS }[/math]	[math]\displaystyle{ T, p, \{N_i\} }[/math]
Landau potential, or grand potential	[math]\displaystyle{ \Omega }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ \Phi_\text{G} }[/math]	[math]\displaystyle{ U - T S - }[/math][math]\displaystyle{ \sum_i\, }[/math][math]\displaystyle{ \mu_i N_i }[/math]	[math]\displaystyle{ T, V, \{\mu_i\} }[/math]